ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that plays a critical role in energy metabolism and various biological processes in living organisms. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell. ATP consists of a nucleotide with three phosphate groups attached to it, along with an adenine base and a ribose sugar. The high-energy phosphate bonds between the phosphate groups make ATP a rich source of energy that can be used to drive many cellular processes. When energy is needed, ATP can be broken down through a process called hydrolysis, in which one or two of the phosphate groups are cleaved off, releasing energy that can be used by the cell to power various biological processes such as muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and active transport across cell membranes. ATP is constantly being synthesized and broken down within cells, and the balance between these two processes is tightly regulated to ensure that cells have sufficient energy to carry out their functions. In addition to its role in energy metabolism, ATP also plays a role in signaling pathways and as a substrate for certain enzymes. Overall, ATP is a critical molecule for life, providing the energy needed for many essential biological processes.