an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

H₂O

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-canavanine

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

CO₂

coproporphyrinogen III

thiamine diphosphate

xanthine

hydrogen peroxide

isopentenyl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

glycerone phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

carbamoyl phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

4'-phosphopantetheine

prenyl diphosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen selenide

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

salicyl alcohol

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

acetyl phosphate

ammonia

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

oxaloacetate

scopolin

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

cis-coumarinic acid-β-D-glucoside

4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside

arsenite

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

2-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA

urea

DNA without lesion

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

N²-succinylglutamate

N²-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

4-acetamidobutanoate

4-acetamidobutanal

D-glucurono-6,3-lactone

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

5-hydroxyindole acetate

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

4-imidazoleacetate

imidazole acetaldehyde

dimethylsulfoniopropanoate

propynoate

prop-2-ynal

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde

thiamine phosphate

hydroxylamine

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

2-keto-D-gluconate

glycolate

2-dehydropantoate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

dihydroxyacetone

hexulose 6-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

ethanolamine

butanoyl phosphate

gallate

1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene

pyrogallol

phloroglucinol

dihydrophloroglucinol

3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate

3-hydroxy-5- oxohexanoyl-CoA

succinate semialdehyde

4-aminobutanoate

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

4-aminoimidazole

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

pyruvic oxime

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

carbon monoxide

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

pseudouridine

creatinine

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde

2-iminoacetate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

quinolinate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

superoxide

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

hydrogen cyanide

phenylacetate

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

L-glutamine

L-alanine

L-serine

L-leucine

glycine

L-arginine

L-lysine

D-glutamate

L-glutamate

creatine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-citrulline

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-aspartate

L-asparagine

L-threonine

L-methionine

L-tyrosine

L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-formimino-glycine

sarcosine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

ATP

ADP

5'-deoxyadenosine

XMP

hypoxanthine

IMP

GMP

dATP

GTP

dGTP

GDP

2'-deoxyinosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

dGDP

dADP

cyclic-AMP

AMP

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

NADPH

NADH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

preQ₁

guanine

adenine

purine

uracil

thymine

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

CMP

UMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

GDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

inosine

xanthosine

guanosine

adenosine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

uridine

cytidine

orotate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FADH₂

FAD

FMN

riboflavin

scopoletin

coumarin

4-methylumbelliferone

2-[(1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]acetyl-coA

urate

6,8-dihydroxypurine

8-hydroxypurine

hydroquinone

3,4-dihydroxymandelate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

benzoate

(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

coumarinate

benzaldehyde

vanillyl mandelate

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-trans-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans-6-trans-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-nonanoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-undecanoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-2-enoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-cis-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans,6-cis-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3E,5Z)-tetradeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

(3S)-linalool

(3R)-linalool

geranyl diphosphate

apo-4'-lycopenal

apo-4'-lycopenoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

(2E,5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

D-gluconate

β-D-cellobiose

maltotriose

sucrose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribopyranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

D-xylulose

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glycerol

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

lotaustralin

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

neolinustatin

linamarin

linustatin

taxiphyllin

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

α-lactose 6'-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesal

fluoroacetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

butan-1-al

1-octanal

phytenal

methylglyoxal

2-oxoglutarate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

octanoate

(2E,6E)-farnesoate

formate

acetate

butanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

4-hydroxybutanoate

chorismate

fumarate

(S)-malate

D-glucarate

(R)-pantoate

fluoroacetate

(3E,5Z)-tetradecadienoate

phytenate

nicotinamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

(indol-3-yl)acetate

ethanol

butan-1-ol

methanol

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

putrescine

spermidine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

Fe³⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Na⁺

Mn²⁺

Cu²⁺

Fe²⁺

Ca²⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

thiosulfate

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

diphosphate

thiamine

nicotinate

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

coenzyme A

preQ₀

(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile