an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

4'-phosphopantetheine

H₂O

estrone 3-sulfate

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen selenide

2-dehydropantoate

quinolinate

glycerone phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

lipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

phosphoenolpyruvate

CO₂

oxaloacetate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

DNA without lesion

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

dihydroxyacetone

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

dethiobiotin

7,8-diaminopelargonate

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

carbamoyl phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

hydroxylamine

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

norspermidine

carboxynorspermidine

thiamine phosphate

2-iminoacetate

carbon monoxide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

α-D-glucopyranosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

xanthine

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate

(lipoyl)adenylate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

imidazole acetol-phosphate

histidinal

H₂

2-succinylbenzoate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

isochorismate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

4-aminobutanoate

(R)-pantothenate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

shikimate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid X

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene-5'-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

O-ureido-L-homoserine

4-pyridoxolactone

lipid IV_A

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

oxalosuccinate

citrate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

CDP-glycerol

butanoyl phosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

glutathione disulfide

1-(methylsulfanyl)xylulose 5-phosphate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

glutathioselenol

selenodiglutathione

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

pimelate

ammonia

pyruvic oxime

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

aminoacetone

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-methionine

L-cysteine

L-serine

L-leucine

L-aspartate

L-arginine

L-asparagine

L-glutamate

L-histidine

L-glutamine

L-lysine

L-alanine

glycine

L-tryptophan

L-proline

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-homocysteine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

β-alanine

AMP

ATP

ADP

GDP

GTP

5'-deoxyadenosine

dADP

dATP

dGDP

dGTP

adenylo-succinate

IMP

GMP

hypoxanthine

XMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

dITP

dIDP

ITP

IDP

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

dGMP

dAMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

guanine

adenine

uracil

preQ₁

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

UTP

CTP

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

uridine

cytidine

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

7,8-dihydropterin-6-ylmethyl-4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

FADH₂

riboflavin

FAD

FMN

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

4-methylphenol

4-aminobenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

D-mannonate

D-altronate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

maltotriose

sucrose

α,α-trehalose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

glycolaldehyde

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

L-fuculose

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

α,α-trehalose 6-phosphate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

(S)-lactaldehyde

(R)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

acetate

(R)-pantoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

D-tagaturonate

butanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

estrone

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one

ethylene glycol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

ethanol

glycine betaine

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

dimethyl sulfide

methanethiol

glutathione

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

sulfate

thiosulfate

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

selenate

selenide

selenite

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

H⁺

ammonium

K⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

thiamine

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

preQ₀

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

phosphonoacetaldehyde

(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate

DNA with lesion