an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

xanthine

CO₂

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

H₂O

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

glycerone phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

acetyl phosphate

oxalosuccinate

quinolinate

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

histidinol

histidinal

4'-phosphopantetheine

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

carbon monoxide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

thiamine diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

α-D-glucopyranosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol

lipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

3-dehydroquinate

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

2-dehydropantoate

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

α-ribazole

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogenobyrinate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen selenide

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

(S)-ureidoglycolate

selenophosphate

autoinducer 2

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

oxaloacetate

4-pyridoxolactone

3-dehydroshikimate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene-5'-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

hydroxylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

2-iminoacetate

3-keto-β-D-galactose

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

4-aminoimidazole

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

hydrogen peroxide

urea

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

dialurate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

H₂

citrate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

pyruvic oxime

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-methionine

L-cysteine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-asparagine

L-alanine

L-threonine

L-histidine

L-arginine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-proline

L-serine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-lysine

L-tyrosine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homocysteine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

L-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-formimino-glycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

AMP

ATP

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

ADP

GDP

GMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

dADP

dATP

GTP

dGDP

dGTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

IMP

XMP

ITP

dIMP

dITP

XTP

adenylo-succinate

IDP

cyclic-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

adenine

guanine

purine

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

dCDP

dTDP

dTTP

dUTP

dCTP

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

CMP

UMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

inosine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

uridine

cytidine

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

7,8-dihydropterin-6-ylmethyl-4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FAD

FMN

cobyrinate

sirohydrochlorin

precorrin-4

precorrin-3B

precorrin-5

precorrin-3A

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-4

cobalt-precorrin-6A

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-6B

cobalt-precorrin-8

cobalt-precorrin-7

cobalt-precorrin-3

adenosylcobalamin

urate

6,8-dihydroxypurine

8-hydroxypurine

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

4-methylphenol

4-aminobenzoate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

D-mannonate

XXXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

maltotriose

allolactose

sucrose

α-lactose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

XXLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

glycolaldehyde

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glycerol

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

3'-ketolactose

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

a methyl group

(R)-lactaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

allantoate

D-tagaturonate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

formate

propanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

nicotinamide

(S)-(+)-allantoin

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

ethylene glycol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

ethanol

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

dimethyl sulfide

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

molybdate

thiosulfate

selenide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Cd²⁺

Mg²⁺

Co²⁺

Fe²⁺

H⁺

ammonium

trimethyl sulfonium

thiamine

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

coenzyme A

preQ₀

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine amide

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoheme

protochlorophyllide a

chlorophyllide a

3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobalt-factor III

13¹-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

13¹-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester