an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

L-selenocystathionine

2-dehydropantoate

6-aminohexanoate linear dimer

6-aminohexanoate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

butanoyl phosphate

2-oleoylglycerol

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

4'-phosphopantetheine

hydrogen peroxide

CDP-glycerol

poly (glycerol phosphate)

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

lipoamide

2-phosphoglycolate

glycolate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

hydrogen selenide

O-acetyl-L-serine

coproporphyrinogen III

tartronate semialdehyde

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

arsenite

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

hydroxypyruvate

2'-(5''-triphospho-α-D-ribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA

citrate

oxaloacetate

3-keto-β-D-galactose

carbamoyl phosphate

carbonic acid

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

phosphocholine

CO₂

isopentenyl diphosphate

acetyl phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

glycerone phosphate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

H₂O

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

pseudouridine

autoinducer 2

2-keto-L-gulonate

2-iminoacetate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

6-aminohexanoate cyclic dimer

6-oxohexanoate

adipate

L-arginino-succinate

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

4-aminoimidazole

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate

ammonia

(S)-dihydroorotate

oxalosuccinate

acetoacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

H₂

carbon monoxide

ethanolamine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

thiamine phosphate

nitrilotriacetate

iminodiacetate

methylsalicylate

(lipoyl)adenylate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

DNA without lesion

3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

glutathione disulfide

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

salicyl alcohol

β-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

D-glucurono-6,3-lactone

5-hydroxyindole acetate

imidazole acetaldehyde

4-imidazoleacetate

4-acetamidobutanal

4-acetamidobutanoate

dimethylsulfoniopropanoate

prop-2-ynal

propynoate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde

2-phenylethanol

3-methylbutanol

3-methylbutanal

5-hydroxytryptophol

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

isobutanol

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-methylbutanol

2-methylbutanal

indole-3-glycol

indole-3-glycol aldehyde

(R)-mevalonate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

xanthine

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

2-iminopropanoate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

superoxide

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

D-alanyl-D-lactate

DNA with lesion

protoheme

hydrogen cyanide

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

preQ₀

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

FMN

FAD

FMNH₂

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

glycine betaine

riboflavin

thiamine

nicotinamide

nicotinate

all-trans-retinal

all-trans-retinol

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

L-serine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

L-glutamate

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-proline

L-glutamine

glycine

L-alanine

L-leucine

L-aspartate

L-tyrosine

L-asparagine

L-cysteine

L-phenylalanine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

seleno-L-homocysteine

N-formimino-glycine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-valine

L-selenocysteine

L-methionine

L-cystathionine

L-ornithine

L-citrulline

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

D-glucarate

fumarate

(S)-malate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

acetate

pyruvate

formate

butanoate

octanoate

(2E,6E)-farnesoate

3-oxoadipate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

protocatechuate

salicylate

benzoate

palmitate

oleate

phytenate

leukotriene-D4

leukotriene-E4

(R)-pantoate

D-gluconate

fluoroacetate

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

methylglyoxal

fluoroacetaldehyde

salicylaldehyde

(2E,6E)-farnesal

phytenal

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

formaldehyde

1-octanal

1-propanal

isobutanal

(S)-lactaldehyde

benzaldehyde

phenylacetaldehyde

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-ribopyranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

glycerol

XXLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XXXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

maltotetraose

maltotriose

sucrose

allolactose

α-lactose

3'-ketolactose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

ADP-D-ribose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ascorbate 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-idonate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

adenine

guanine

hypoxanthine

purine

dAMP

dGMP

dATP

dGTP

dADP

dGDP

ITP

GTP

ATP

GDP

ADP

XMP

IMP

GMP

AMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

guanosine

xanthosine

adenosine

inosine

reduced riboflavin

preQ₁

uracil

thymine

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

dUTP

UTP

dCTP

dTTP

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

dTDP

CTP

CDP-choline

dCMP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

dUMP

dTMP

dUDP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

UMP

CMP

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

5'-deoxyadenosine

ppGpp

pppGpp

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

adenylo-succinate

cyclic-AMP

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

phytate

D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)-pentakisphosphate

hydroquinone

3,4-dihydroxymandelate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

(3R)-linalool

(3S)-linalool

butan-1-ol

methanol

ethanol

propan-1-ol

phytol

trimethyl sulfonium

sulfite

selenide

thiosulfate

hydrogensulfite

hydrogencarbonate

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

Fe³⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Cu²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Mn²⁺

Zn²⁺

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol

15,15'-dihydroxy-β-carotene

β-carotene

β-carotene 15,15' epoxide

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

ferrichrome

iron(III) dicitrate

ferric-enterobactin complex

dimethyl sulfide

3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde

methionol

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

thiocyanate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

(S)-2-chloropropanoate

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

8-hydroxypurine

6,8-dihydroxypurine

urate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

4-tyrosol

vanillyl mandelate

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

6-caprolactam

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

N¹-acetylspermidine

N¹-acetylspermine

N-acetylputrescine

spermine

putrescine

spermidine