an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

L-selenocystathionine

coproporphyrinogen III

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

2-succinylbenzoate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

arsenite

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

hydrogen peroxide

prenyl diphosphate

4-pyridoxolactone

(S)-dihydroorotate

4-aminobutanoate

lipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

phosphoenolpyruvate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

salicyl alcohol

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

glycerone phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

urea

CDP-glycerol

carbamoyl phosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

isopentenyl diphosphate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

acetoacetate

citrate

oxaloacetate

2'-(5''-triphospho-α-D-ribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA

urocanate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

(S)-ureidoglycolate

xanthine

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

N-carbamoylputrescine

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate

dihydroxyacetone

2-dehydropantoate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

poly(ribitol phosphate)

hydrogen selenide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

shikimate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

2-iminoacetate

formamide

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

7-epicholate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

α-D-galacturonate 1-phosphate

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone

L-dehydro-ascorbate

4-oxoglutaramate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

H₂

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

4-aminoimidazole

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

carbon monoxide

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

quinolinate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

isochorismate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

acetyl phosphate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

oxalosuccinate

propanoyl phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

L-canavanine

glutathione disulfide

H₂O

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

CO₂

autoinducer 2

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

nicotinate

L-ascorbate

nicotinamide

riboflavin

thiamine

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

L-carnitine

FMN

FAD

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

glycine betaine

coenzyme A

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

preQ₀

3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

3α,7α,12β-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate

cholate

glycocholate

isocholate

3-dehydrocholate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

superoxide

monodehydroascorbate radical

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

L-threonine

L-serine

glycine

L-tyrosine

L-cysteine

L-asparagine

L-glutamine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

3-phospho-L-serine

N-formimino-glycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-formyl-L-methionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-leucine

L-proline

L-alanine

D-glutamate

β-alanine

D-serine

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-canaline

L-ornithine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-methionine

L-cystathionine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-isoglutamine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

5'-deoxyadenosine

IMP

adenylo-succinate

cyclic-AMP

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

ppGpp

pppGpp

dGMP

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

dAMP

AMP

GTP

GDP

2'-deoxyguanosine

hypoxanthine

GMP

XMP

ADP

dADP

dATP

ATP

dGDP

dGTP

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

uridine

cytidine

preQ₁

adenine

guanine

purine

uracil

thymine

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dTTP

dUTP

dCTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

UMP

CMP

CDP

UDP

CTP

UTP

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galacturonate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

GDP-α-D-mannose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

7,8-dihydrolumazine

7,8-dihydropterin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

orotate

urate

6,8-dihydroxypurine

8-hydroxypurine

hydroquinone

4-methylphenol

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

dioleoyl phosphatidate

malonyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

L-galactono-1,4-lactone

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

choline

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

Mg²⁺

Cd²⁺

Fe²⁺

Zn²⁺

Co²⁺

Na⁺

K⁺

ammonium

H⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

hydrogencarbonate

thiosulfate

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

D-gluconate

D-mannonate

D-altronate

aldehydo-L-galactonate

L-gulonate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

maltotriose

sucrose

melibiose

maltotetraose

raffinose

stachyose

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

keto-D-fructose

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

butan-1-ol

ethanol

methanol

methylglyoxal

(S)-acetoin

(R)-acetoin

diacetyl

(S)-lactaldehyde

butan-1-al

acetaldehyde

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

butanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

pyruvate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

aldehydo-D-glucuronate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate