an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

quinolinate

carboxyphosphate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

carbonic acid

DNA without lesion

orotidine 5'-phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

ethanolamine

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(R)-4-phosphopantoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-phosphoglycolate

glycolate

(R)-pantothenate

porphobilinogen

preuroporphyrinogen

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

coproporphyrinogen III

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-isopropylmaleate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

coenzyme F₃₉₀-A

xanthine

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

shikimate 3-phosphate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

thiamine phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

histidinal

histidinol

acetyl phosphate

lipid IV_A

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

glycerone phosphate

propanoyl phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

prephenate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

anthranilate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

glutathione disulfide

CO₂

oxaloacetate

2-maleylacetate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

shikimate

autoinducer 2

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

4'-phosphopantetheine

3-dehydroshikimate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

H₂O

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-dihydroorotate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

spermidine

putrescine

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

glutathione amide disulfide

glutathione amide perthiol

glutathione amide

methanethiol

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

malonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

ethene

riboflavin

nicotinate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

FMNH₂

FMN

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

dADP

isoguanine

dGDP

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dGTP

dGMP

dATP

IMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

adenylo-succinate

dAMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

GTP

GDP

GMP

ADP

ATP

AMP

hypoxanthine

XMP

ITP

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

xanthosine

uridine

cytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

preQ₁

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

UMP

CMP

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

coenzyme A

guanylyl molybdenum cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

oxidized coenzyme F₄₂₀-2

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

myo-inositol

phytate

D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)-pentakisphosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

8'-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-alkenyl)phenyl-3-[9'E,11'E,13'Z-pentadecatrienyl]catechol

protocatechuate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

enterobactin

dimeric urushiol peroxide

3-[(8Z,11E,13Z)-pentadeca-8,11,13-trien-1-yl] )catechol

glycerol

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

α-D-galactopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

D-gluconate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

(R)-lactate

7-hydroxylaurate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

linoleate

α-linolenate

oleate

8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate

dinor-12-oxo-phytodienoate

stearate

palmitate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

phytenate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

decanoate

laurate

octanoate

acetate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

(R)-pantoate

4-aminobenzoate

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-ornithine

L-canaline

L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-arginine

L-asparagine

L-tryptophan

L-histidine

L-serine

L-phenylalanine

glycine

L-alanine

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-proline

L-methionine

L-cysteine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

3-oxoadipate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

formate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

a methyl group

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

toluene

urate

4-hydroxybenzoate

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

acetaldehyde

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobyrate

protoheme

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(R)-citramalate

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

preQ₀

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Zn²⁺

molybdate

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride