an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

CO₂

oxalosuccinate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

citrate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

urea

dethiobiotin

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

7,8-diaminopelargonate

L-selenocystathionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

hydrogen peroxide

2-dehydropantoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(R)-pantothenate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

porphobilinogen

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-β-L-arabinopyranose

lipid IV_A

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

oxaloacetate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

L-canavanine

DNA without lesion

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

methylsalicylate

salicyl alcohol

orotidine 5'-phosphate

lipid X

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

propanoyl phosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

phosphocholine

O-phosphoethanolamine

ethanolamine

chloramphenicol

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

glycolate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

xanthine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

5-methylcytosine

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

FK-506

31-O-desmethylFK-506

2-phosphoglycolate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(S)-dihydroorotate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

preuroporphyrinogen

carbonic acid

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

L-arginino-succinate

core oligosaccharide-lipid A (E. coli K-12 core type)

glutathione disulfide

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

4-deoxy-4-formamido-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate

4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

sulfate

nitrate

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

sulfite

thiosulfate

OH^-

hydrogensulfite

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

Fe³⁺

Zn²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

2-chloroacetate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

chloramphenicol 3-acetate

hydrogen cyanide

preQ₀

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

2-octaprenylphenol

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

ethylphosphate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-ornithine

L-glutamate

L-serine

L-glutamine

L-alanine

L-cystathionine

L-lysine

L-aspartate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-arginine

L-phenylalanine

L-asparagine

L-leucine

L-tyrosine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

glycine

β-alanine

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-canaline

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

octanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

decanoate

acetate

pyruvate

formate

(R)-lactate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

salicylate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

D-mannonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

pristanate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

palmitate

stearate

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

oleate

phytenate

linoleate

α-linolenate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A-phosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-phosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

galactosyl-glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

galactosyl-(glucosyl)₂-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

galactosyl-(glucosyl)₃-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

4'-α-L-Ara4N-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[P4'-α-L-ara4N]-lipid A

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

all-trans-retinol

3-heptaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-β-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose

UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinopyranose

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

glycerol

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

1-dodecanol

ethanol

methanol

catechol

myo-inositol

scyllo-inosose

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

menadione

caldariellaquinone

toluene

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

4-hydroxybenzoate

phenol

menadiol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

caldariellaquinol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-10

3-demethylubiquinol-9

3-demethylubiquinol-7

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

ubiquinol-10

ubiquinol-9

ubiquinol-7

adenine

guanine

GMP

AMP

IMP

XMP

ATP

GTP

ITP

ADP

GDP

IDP

dGDP

dADP

dIDP

dATP

dITP

dGTP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

FAD

FMN

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

preQ₁

isoguanine

thymine

uracil

cytosine

dUMP

dTMP

UTP

CTP

dUTP

dTDP

UDP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

dUDP

dCTP

dTTP

CDP-choline

5-fluorouracil

CMP

UMP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

coenzyme A

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

pppGpp

cyclic-AMP

ppGpp

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

5-fluorocytosine

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(+)-7-epi-jasmonate

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

glutathione

thiocyanate

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

dodecyl sulfate

choline

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

dehydrospermidine

cadaverine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

hydroxyl radical