an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

phosphoenolpyruvate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

CO₂

citrate

oxaloacetate

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

glycerone phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

oxalosuccinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

anthranilate

hydrogen peroxide

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

quercitrin

quinolinate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

lipid IV_A

2-dehydropantoate

hydroxypyruvate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

citraconate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

prephenate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

tartronate semialdehyde

DNA without lesion

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

L-β-lysine

glycolate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinol

histidinal

5-oxo-L-proline

(S)-dihydroorotate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

(lipoyl)adenylate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

carbonic acid

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-deoxygluconate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

3-phosphooxypyruvate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

coproporphyrinogen III

2-iminoacetate

creatinine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

N-carbamoylputrescine

phosphonoacetate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

ethanolamine

thiamine diphosphate

L-selenocystathionine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

O-acetyl-L-serine

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid X

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

urea

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

(R)-mandelate

(S)-mandelate

coenzyme F₃₉₀-A

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-succinylbenzoate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

hydrogen selenide

glutathione disulfide

glutathioselenol

selenodiglutathione

2,5-dioxopentanoate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

(4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

2-octaprenylphenol

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

(R)-citramalate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-chloroacetate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

hemin

protoheme

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

hydrogen cyanide

ethylphosphate

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

DNA with lesion

D-alanyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

L-glutamine

L-serine

glycine

L-leucine

L-alanine

L-proline

creatine

(R)-β-lysine

β-alanine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-tryptophan

L-phenylalanine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-aspartate

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

L-canaline

O-phospho-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

seleno-L-homocysteine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

sarcosine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

D-alanine

(3E,5R)-5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

D-glucarate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

D-mannonate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

D-gluconate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

D-tagaturonate

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

palmitate

laurate

stearate

13-[O(2')-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]docosanoate O(6'')-acetate

13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate

sophorosyloxydocosanoate

oleate

(R)-lactate

formate

propanoate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinylglycine)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

L-idonate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ADP-α-D-glucose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-β-L-fucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

galactinol

p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

glycerol

L-iditol

D-sorbitol

β-D-fructofuranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

keto-D-fructose

keto-L-sorbose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

α-L-arabinopyranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

glycolaldehyde

keto-L-rhamnulose

D-xylulose

D-ribulose

L-ribulose

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

maltotetraose

stachyose

maltotriose

raffinose

selaginose

4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-β-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-D-N-sulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfate

sucrose

4-(4-deoxy-α-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate

4-deoxy-β-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-D-N-sulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfate

α,α-trehalose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

ethanol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

methylglyoxal

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

menadione

caldariellaquinone

diacetyl

4-hydroxybenzoate

quercetin

quercetin-3-glucoside

rutin

hesperidin

hesperitin-7-O-β-D-glucoside

prunin

naringin

menadiol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

caldariellaquinol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

4-nitrophenol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

guanine

adenine

IMP

GMP

AMP

XMP

ATP

ITP

GTP

ADP

IDP

GDP

dADP

dGDP

dIDP

dATP

dGTP

dITP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydropteroate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FMN

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

isoguanine

UDP

dUTP

dCTP

UTP

CTP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

dTDP

dTMP

dUMP

dUDP

dTTP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

oxidized coenzyme F₄₂₀-2

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

cyclic-GMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

thiamine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

ethene

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

(2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

thiocyanate

S-sulfanylglutathione

agmatine

spermidine

dehydrospermidine

putrescine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

Fe³⁺

Mo²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

nitrate

hydrogencarbonate

sulfite

thiosulfate

selenate

selenite

OH^-

hydrogensulfite

sulfate

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

preQ₀