an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

bisorganyltrisulfane

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

enol-phenylpyruvate

4-oxoglutaramate

aminoacetone

ammonia

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

formamide

glutathione disulfide

L-arginino-succinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

histidinal

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

pimeloyl-CoA

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

2-succinylbenzoate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

(S)-mandelate

(R)-mandelate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

isochorismate

2-dehydropantoate

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

(R)-mevalonate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

31-O-desmethylFK-506

FK-506

carbon monoxide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-iminoacetate

citrate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

3-hydroxyanthranilate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

ethanolamine

quinolinate

carboxyphosphate

oxaloacetate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

carbonic acid

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

succinate semialdehyde

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

glycerone phosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

L-canavanine

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

prephenate

lipid IV_A

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

4-aminobutanoate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

lipid X

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

preuroporphyrinogen

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol

(lipoyl)adenylate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

acetoacetate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

orotidine 5'-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

5-methylcytosine

hydrogen peroxide

urea

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

prenyl diphosphate

xanthine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

L-selenocystathionine

N²-succinylglutamate

DNA without lesion

4-maleyl-acetoacetate

homogentisate

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

CO₂

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

thiamine phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

(S)-dihydroorotate

pyrazine-2-carboxylate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

glycolate

urocanate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

H₂O

DNA with lesion

4-methylphenol

L-homocysteine

phenylacetate

ethylphosphate

hydrogen cyanide

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoheme

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-III

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-chloroacetate

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

FMNH₂

FMN

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

caldariellaquinone

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

hydroxyl radical

superoxide

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

Fe³⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

hydrogensulfite

OH^-

thiosulfate

sulfite

selenide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

methanethiol

thiocyanate

S-sulfanylglutathione

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

dehydrospermidine

spermidine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

urate

4-hydroxybenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

kaempferol

quercetin

myricetin

(+)-taxifolin

(+)-dihydrokaempferol

(+)-dihydromyricetin

protocatechuate

4-aminobenzoate

preQ₀

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

riboflavin

nicotinamide

nicotinate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

all-trans-retinol

cholest-4-en-3-one

cholate

chenodeoxycholate

7-oxolithocholate

cholesterol

cholest-5-en-3-one

isovaleryl-CoA

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA

3-methylglutaconyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

pyrazinamide

chorismate

L-aspartate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

pyruvate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

laurate

4-hydroxybutanoate

palmitate

stearate

8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate

dinor-12-oxo-phytodienoate

orotate

D-mannonate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-kynurenine

carbamate

L-serine

β-alanine

L-leucine

L-proline

L-alanine

glycine

L-glutamine

D-glutamate

L-glutamate

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

D-alanine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-saccharopine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formyl-L-glutamate

N-formimino-L-glutamate

3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-methionine

L-isoglutamine

L-cysteine

L-ornithine

L-asparagine

L-valine

L-selenocysteine

L-threonine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L-isoleucine

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

glycerol

ethanol

methanol

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

methylglyoxal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

precorrin-2

precorrin-1

dTDP

dCTP

UTP

dTMP

dTTP

dUTP

dUMP

dCMP

dCDP

dUDP

UDP

cytosine

uracil

CDP

CTP

5-fluorouracil

CMP

UMP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymine

hypoxanthine

adenine

guanine

isoguanine

N3-methylcytosine

N¹-methyladenine

N¹-ethyladenine

preQ₁

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

ITP

GTP

ATP

IDP

GDP

ADP

XMP

IMP

GMP

AMP

dITP

dATP

dGTP

dIDP

dGDP

dADP

dAMP

dGMP

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

5-fluorocytosine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA