an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

phosphoenolpyruvate

citrate

H₂O

oxaloacetate

CO₂

oxalosuccinate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

glycerone phosphate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-dehydropantoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

formate

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

xanthine

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

L-arginino-succinate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

betaine aldehyde

choline

acetyl phosphate

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

poly(ribitol phosphate)

coproporphyrinogen III

succinate semialdehyde

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

hydrogen peroxide

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene

glucosyl-4,4'-diaponeurosporenoate

12-methyltetradecanoate

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

CDP-glycerol

O-acetyl-L-serine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

thiamine diphosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

DNA without lesion

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate

(lipoyl)adenylate

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

citraconate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

glycolate

hexulose 6-phosphate

thiamine phosphate

2-iminoacetate

ethanolamine

urea

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

2-keto-D-gluconate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

L-selenocystathionine

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

4-aminobutanoate

hydrogen selenide

glutathione disulfide

acetoacetate

3-dehydroquinate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

histidinal

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

formamide

presqualene diphosphate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

glutathioselenol

selenodiglutathione

ammonia

aminoacetone

4-oxoglutaramate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

betaine aldehyde hydrate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

glycine betaine

FADH₂

FAD

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

2-chloroacetate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

2-octaprenylphenol

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(R)-citramalate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

protoporphyrin IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoheme

hydrogen cyanide

L-homocysteine

4-methylphenol

DNA with lesion

ADP

ATP

AMP

GDP

GTP

dADP

dATP

dGDP

dGTP

adenylo-succinate

IMP

GMP

XMP

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

ppGpp

pppGpp

5'-deoxyadenosine

dGMP

dAMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

8-oxo-dGTP

isoguanine

8-oxo-GTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dCTP

dTTP

dUTP

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

xanthosine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

cytidine

uridine

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

guanine

adenine

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

6,7-dehydrobaicalein

baicalein

tetrahydromethanopterin

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

molybdopterin

cyclic pyranopterin phosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

2,5-piperidinedione

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

glycolaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

D-galactonate

D-gluconate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

glycerol

D-sorbitol 6-phosphate

L-iditol

D-sorbitol

keto-L-sorbose

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

D-xylulose

staphyloxanthin

betanidin quinone

betanidin

4,4'-diapolycopenedioate glycosyl diester

all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene

4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-dial

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

all-trans-4,4'-diapo-ζ-carotene

all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene

all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene

4,4'-diaponeurosporenal

4,4'-diaponeurosporenoate

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

18-hydroxyoleate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

ethanol

methanol

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

carbamate

L-kynurenine

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

D-octopine

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

S-methyl-L-methionine

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

glycine

L-alanine

L-glutamine

L-serine

L-proline

L-leucine

β-alanine

L-citrulline

L-methionine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-aspartate

L-threonine

L-cysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-isoglutamine

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

octanoate

palmitate

stearate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

decanoate

butanoate

oleate

phytenate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

(R)-lactate

propanoate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

4,4'-diapolycopenedioate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

salicylate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

5-aminolevulinyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

cholate

glycocholate

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine

pyridoxal

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

preQ₀

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

4-hydroxybenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

D-alanyl-D-alanine

agmatine

putrescine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

thiocyanate

S-sulfanylglutathione

Fe³⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

sulfite

thiosulfate

OH^-

molybdate

selenite

hydrogensulfite

sulfate

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate