an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

oxalate

shikimate

hydrogen selenide

urea

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

glutathione disulfide

xanthine

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

porphobilinogen

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

β-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

isochorismate

carbonic acid

3-hydroxypropanoate

3-oxopropanoate

acetyl phosphate

chlorite

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

CDP-glycerol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

2-dehydropantoate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

L-selenocystathionine

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

DNA without lesion

thiamine diphosphate

L-canavanine

carbamoyl phosphate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

histidinal

3-phosphooxypyruvate

prenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin

(2S)-lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine

O-acetyl-L-serine

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

histidinol

glycolate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

(lipoyl)adenylate

hydrogen peroxide

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

quinolinate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

oxalosuccinate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

isopentenyl diphosphate

citrate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

(S)-dihydroorotate

oxaloacetate

phosphoenolpyruvate

anthranilate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

prephenate

succinate semialdehyde

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

CO₂

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

H₂O

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

hydrogen cyanide

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

phenylacetate

ethylphosphate

protoheme

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2S)-2-phospholactate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(R)-citramalate

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

Na⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Mo²⁺

hydrogensulfite

selenite

OH^-

molybdate

thiosulfate

superoxide

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

sulfate

phosphonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycine betaine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

putrescine

spermidine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

γ-L-glutamyl-[(S)-allyl]-L-cysteine

S-allyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-methyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

thiocyanate

glutathione

methanethiol

S-sulfanylglutathione

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

isobutanoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

cholest-4-en-3-one

cholesterol

cholest-5-en-3-one

thiamine

riboflavin

nicotinate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

menadione

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

5'-deoxyadenosine

dIDP

dITP

dGMP

dAMP

ITP

IDP

adenylo-succinate

IMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

GTP

GDP

ADP

ATP

XMP

GMP

AMP

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dTMP

dCMP

dUMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

ADP-α-D-glucose

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-O-demethyl-β-L-noviose

dTDP-4-dehydro-5-methyl-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

molybdopterin

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

oxidized coenzyme F₄₂₀-0

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

cyclic pyranopterin phosphate

molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

orotate

4-hydroxybenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

menadiol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

4-aminobenzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

α-D-xylopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

methanol

ethanol

glycerol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

sucrose

α,α-trehalose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α,α-trehalose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

D-gluconate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

6-aminopenicillanate

isopenicillin N

penicillin G

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

L-aspartate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

acetate

formate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

stearate

palmitate

oleate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-2-aminoadipate

carbamate

L-serine

L-tyrosine

glycine

L-threonine

L-glutamine

L-cysteine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-phenylalanine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-tryptophan

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-methionine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-cystathionine

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

3-phospho-L-serine

S-methyl-L-cysteine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-methionine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

hypoglycin A

L-canaline

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

hypoglycin B

L-cysteinylglycine

D-alanyl-D-alanine