an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

aminoacetone

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

2-keto-L-gulonate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

glutathione disulfide

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

lipid IV_A

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

O-acetyl-L-serine

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

propanoyl phosphate

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

thiamine phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

prephenate

pimeloyl-CoA

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

31-O-desmethylFK-506

FK-506

isopentenyl diphosphate

L-canavanine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

2-phosphoglycolate

coenzyme B

methanophenazine

CoB-CoM heterodisulfide

dihydromethanophenazine

(S)-dihydroorotate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

quinolinate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

(R)-pantothenate

xanthine

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

quercitrin

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

luteolin 7-O-[β-D-glucosyluronate-(1,2)-β-D-glucosiduronate]-4'-O-β-D-glucosiduronate

luteolin 7-O-β-D-diglucuronide

luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

DNA without lesion

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

3-phosphooxypyruvate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

prenyl diphosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

L-selenocystathionine

carboxynorspermidine

norspermidine

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

ethanolamine

4-aminobutanoate

glycolate

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

2-dehydropantoate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

deethylsimazine

N-ethylammeline

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

butanoyl phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

urea

hydrogen peroxide

phosphoenolpyruvate

histidinal

histidinol

oxaloacetate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

CO₂

glycerone phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

H₂O

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

L-homocysteine

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

DNA with lesion

ethylphosphate

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

Mg-protoporphyrin

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobinamide

protoheme

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

2-chloroacetate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

preQ₀

4-nitrophenol

p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

Fe³⁺

ammonium

H⁺

K⁺

Co²⁺

Fe²⁺

Mg²⁺

sulfate

OH^-

superoxide

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

phosphonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

methanethiol

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

coenzyme M

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

5-α-pregnane-3,20-dione

4,5α-dihydrocortisone

cortisone

coprostanone

cholest-4-en-3-one

progesterone

glycocholate

cholate

17-β-hydroxy-5-α-androstan-3-one

testosterone

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

menadione

FAD

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

dAMP

dGMP

dADP

dGDP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

hypoxanthine

pppGpp

ppGpp

GMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

XMP

dGTP

dATP

GTP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

GDP

ADP

ATP

AMP

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-β-L-fucose

preQ₁

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

hesperidin

naringin

prunin

hesperitin-7-O-β-D-glucoside

luteolin

quercetin

quercetin-3-glucoside

rutin

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

protocatechuate

menadiol

4-aminobenzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-xylopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

ethanol

methanol

glycerol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

unsaturated gellan tetrasaccharide

maltotriose

isoprimeverose

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Glcp

raffinose

maltotetraose

stachyose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

4-deoxy-β-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-D-N-sulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfate

4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-β-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-D-N-sulfoglucosamine 6-O-sulfate

sucrose

α,α-trehalose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

D-ribulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

L-fuculose

keto-L-rhamnulose

β-L-fucopyranose

α-L-fucopyranose

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

sucrose 6^G-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

L-idonate

D-altronate

D-mannonate

D-gluconate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

L-aspartate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

3-oxoadipate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

butanoate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

4-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2-hydroxybutanoate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

stearate

palmitate

oleate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

β-D-glucuronate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-serine

L-cysteine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-alanine

L-proline

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-ornithine

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-saccharopine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate