an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

pseudouridine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

autoinducer 2

quinolinate

urea

L-arginino-succinate

glutathione disulfide

hydrogen peroxide

carboxyphosphate

3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

prephenate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

(lipoyl)adenylate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

DNA without lesion

glycolate

indole-3-glycol

indole-3-glycol aldehyde

2-phenylethanol

5-hydroxytryptophol

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

3-methylbutanol

3-methylbutanal

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

isobutanol

2-methylbutanol

2-methylbutanal

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

coproporphyrinogen III

poly(ribitol phosphate)

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

acetyl phosphate

xanthine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

dimethylthiophosphate

diethylphosphate

diethylthiophosphate

luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide

luteolin 7-O-[β-D-glucosyluronate-(1,2)-β-D-glucosiduronate]-4'-O-β-D-glucosiduronate

luteolin 7-O-β-D-diglucuronide

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

4-aminobutanoate

formate

CDP-glycerol

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

dihydrolipoamide

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

phosphoenolpyruvate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propanoyl-CoA

(R)-mevalonate

arsenite

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

CO₂

carbamoyl phosphate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

H₂O

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

phenylacetate

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

preQ₀

paraoxon

parathion

4-nitrophenol

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

Fe³⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Zn²⁺

Fe²⁺

Cu²⁺

Cd²⁺

OH^-

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

putrescine

spermidine

methionol

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-methyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-[(S)-allyl]-L-cysteine

S-allyl-L-cysteine

glutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

succinyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-hexanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxooctanoyl)-CoA

5-cis, 7-trans-3-oxo-tetradecadienoyl-CoA

(3Z,5E)-dodeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

4-trans-3-oxo-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

6-cis, 3-oxo-tridecenoyl-CoA

4-cis-undecenoyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

(5E)-3-oxo-dodec-5-enoyl-CoA

(3E)-dec-3-enoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-butanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxohexanoyl)-CoA

6-trans-3-oxo-tridecenoyl-CoA

4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxobutanoyl)-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(3Z)-dodec-3-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

hexanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoA

3-oxohexanoyl-CoA

3-oxodecanoyl-CoA

3-oxooctanoyl-CoA

3-oxododecanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-oxotetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-palmitoyl-CoA

3-oxo-myristoyl-CoA

3-oxo-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-4-pregnene-20-carboxyl-CoA

3,22-dioxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

glycocholate

cholate

nicotinamide

riboflavin

nicotinate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

FMN

FAD

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

glycine betaine

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

dGMP

dAMP

ITP

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

XMP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

GDP

ppGpp

GTP

pppGpp

IMP

hypoxanthine

GMP

AMP

ATP

ADP

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

UMP

CMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

GDP-α-D-mannose

preQ₁

thymine

uracil

adenine

guanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

orotate

luteolin

urate

4-tyrosol

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

methyl parathion

amino-parathion

phenylacetaldehyde

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde

4-aminophenol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

4-aminobenzoate

butan-1-al

1-propanal

isobutanal

acetaldehyde

phytenal

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

α-D-xylopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

butan-1-ol

propan-1-ol

ethanol

phytol

glycerol

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

2'-deoxyribose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

a nascent peptidoglycan with (L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-glycine) tetrapeptide

a mature peptidoglycan_(n) (meso-DAP containing)

a nascent peptidoglycan with L,D cross links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a mature peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a mature peptidoglycan with (L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate) tripeptide

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a nascent peptidoglycan with (L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate) tripeptide

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a mature peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a nascent peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

6-aminopenicillanate

isopenicillin N

penicillin G

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

L-aspartate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

pyruvate

butanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

acetate

β-D-glucuronate

L-2-aminoadipate

carbamate

L-serine

L-cysteine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-asparagine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-alanine

L-leucine

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

D-alanine

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

S-methyl-L-cysteine

L-citrulline

L-canaline

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanine

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine