an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

4-oxoglutaramate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

histidinal

mycothione

1-pyrroline

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

glutathione disulfide

formamide

2-dehydropantoate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

hydrogen selenide

O-acetyl-L-serine

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(lipoyl)adenylate

L-canavanine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

isochorismate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

3-hydroxypropanoate

urea-1-carboxylate

ethanolamine

prephenate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

4-guanidinobutanoate

urea

3-oxopropanoate

4-aminobutanoate

mycothiol-arsenate conjugate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carbon monoxide

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

H₂

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

porphobilinogen

coproporphyrinogen III

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

2-succinylbenzoate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

glycolate

2-iminoacetate

histidinol

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

hydrogen peroxide

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

(R)-4-phosphopantoate

DNA without lesion

thiamine diphosphate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

4'-phosphopantetheine

glycerone phosphate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

succinate semialdehyde

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

dihydroxyacetone

anthranilate

prenyl diphosphate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

oxalosuccinate

oxaloacetate

isopentenyl diphosphate

CO₂

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

(S)-dihydroorotate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

citrate

poly(ribitol phosphate)

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

H₂O

4-aminobenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

4-methylphenol

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

glycolaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

diacetyl

caldariellaquinone

methanol

ethanol

glycerol

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

GDP-α-D-mannose

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

6-trans-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans-6-trans-tridecadienoyl-CoA

4-cis-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-cis-undecadienoyl-CoA

6-cis-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans,6-cis-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

5-cis, 7-trans-tetradecadienoyl-CoA

2-trans, 5-cis, 7-trans-tetradecatrienoyl-CoA

4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-ornithine

L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-tyrosine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-serine

L-tryptophan

L-glutamine

glycine

L-glutamate

L-threonine

L-aspartate

L-methionine

L-cysteine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

D-alanine

L-isoglutamine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-methionine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

pyruvate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

decanoate

octanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

pristanate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

palmitate

stearate

α-linolenate

linoleate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

DNA with lesion

ethylphosphate

N₂

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

selenite

OH^-

superoxide

molybdate

arsenate

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

sulfate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

4-aminobutanal

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

mycothiol

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

isobutanoyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-butanoyl-CoA

(2E,5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-hexanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonate

riboflavin

nicotinate

thiamine

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

FAD

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

hypoxanthine

cyclic-AMP

dGMP

dAMP

dIDP

dITP

2'-deoxyguanosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

IMP

adenylo-succinate

ITP

IDP

5'-deoxyadenosine

XMP

GMP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

GTP

GDP

ADP

ATP

AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

guanosine

adenosine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dTMP

dCMP

dUMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

uracil

adenine

guanine

molybdopterin

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

reduced riboflavin

cyclic pyranopterin phosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate