an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

histidinal

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

muconolactone

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

glutathione disulfide

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

hydrogen selenide

O-acetyl-L-serine

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

anthranilate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

urea

2-maleylacetate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(2R)-2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

2-chloro-4-methyl-cis,cis-muconate

4-methylmuconolactone

4-chloro-2-methyl-cis,cis-muconate

cis,cis-muconate

acetoacetate

carbonic acid

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

carboxyphosphate

histidinol

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

porphobilinogen

coproporphyrinogen III

2-aminoacetaldehyde

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

2-aminomalonate semialdehyde

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

aminoacetone

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid IV_A

ammonia

L-canavanine

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

carbamoyl phosphate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

DNA without lesion

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

3-oxopropanoate

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

hydrogen peroxide

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

prephenate

ethanolamine

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

2-dehydropantoate

(lipoyl)adenylate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

glycolate

oxalosuccinate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

poly(ribitol phosphate)

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

glycerone phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

oxaloacetate

citrate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

succinate semialdehyde

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

phosphoenolpyruvate

H₂O

CO₂

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

quinolinate

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

phenylacetate

Mg-protoporphyrin

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

protoporphyrin IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(R)-citramalate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

5-chloro-2-methyl-dienelactone

5-chloro-2-methyl-maleylacetate

2-chloro-3-methyl-dienelactone

2-chloro-3-methyl-maleylacetate

2-chloro-5-methyl-dienelactone

2-chloro-5-methyl-maleylacetate

3-chloro-2-methyl-dienelactone

3-chloro-2-methyl-maleylacetate

5-chloromaleylacetate

3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate

2,5-dichloro-4-methyl-muconolactone

2-chloro-2-(2-chloro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)acetate

2,3-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate

3,5-dichloro-2-methyl-muconolactone

2,5-dichloro-3-methyl-muconate

3,6-dichloro-3a-methyl-dihydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione

2,5-dichloro-3-methyl-muconolactone

(+)-5-chloromuconolactone

2-(2,4-dichloro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)propanoate

3,5-dichloro-2-methyl-muconate

2-chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-yl)acetate

2,3-dichloro-5-methyl-muconate

(+)-2-chloromuconolactone

2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

(1R,2S)-3,4-dichloro-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol

3,4-dichloro-6-methylcatechol

3,4-dichlorotoluene

5-chloro-3-methylcatechol

3,6-dichloro-4-methylcatechol

(1R,2S)-3,6-dichloro-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol

2,5-dichlorotoluene

2,4-dichlorotoluene

(1R,2S)-4,6-dichloro-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol

4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol

4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diol

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Mo²⁺

Zn²⁺

Fe²⁺

Mg²⁺

sulfate

OH^-

selenite

selenate

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

molybdate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycine betaine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

methanethiol

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

2-methyl-trans-dienelactone

2-methyl-cis-dienelactone

5-chloro-trans-dienelactone

5-chloro-3-methyl-cis-dienelactone

2-chloro-4-methyl-cis-dienelactone

2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-5-oxofuran-2-yl)acetate

cis-dienelactone

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonate

nicotinate

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

FAD

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

dIDP

dITP

dGMP

dAMP

pppGpp

ppGpp

cyclic-AMP

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyguanosine

XMP

GMP

ITP

IDP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

ADP

GTP

GDP

ATP

AMP

guanosine

adenosine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

2-hydroxy-dATP

dCTP

dTTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

GDP-α-D-mannose

ADP-α-D-glucose

uracil

adenine

guanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

molybdopterin

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

cyclic pyranopterin phosphate

molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

orotate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

phenol

protocatechuate

catechol

benzoate

diacetyl

(R)-acetoin

glycolaldehyde

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

hydroxyquinol

methanol

ethanol

glycerol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

β-D-fructofuranose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

D-gluconate

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate

chorismate

succinate

L-aspartate

fumarate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

decanoate

octanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

palmitate

stearate

α-linolenate

linoleate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-serine

L-cysteine

L-tyrosine

L-asparagine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-threonine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-tryptophan

L-alanine

L-proline

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

β-alanine

D-alanine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-methionine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-allo-threonine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine