an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

1-pyrroline

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

hydrogen selenide

glutathione disulfide

(2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate

3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate

3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate

5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinol

histidinal

shikimate

acetoacetate

pseudouridine

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

3-ureidopropanoate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

homogentisate

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

(lipoyl)adenylate

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

quinolinate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

shikimate 3-phosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate

2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

DNA without lesion

5-methylcytosine

lipid IV_A

carbonic acid

2-iminoacetate

carbon monoxide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

4-pyridoxolactone

(S)-ureidoglycolate

4-trimethylammoniobutanal

γ-butyrobetaine

2,5-dioxopentanoate

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

(R)-4-phosphopantoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

O-acetyl-L-serine

N²-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N²-succinylglutamate

N²-succinyl-L-arginine

N²-succinyl-L-ornithine

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

hydrogen peroxide

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

coproporphyrinogen III

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

5-aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

N-carbamoylputrescine

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

O-ureido-L-homoserine

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

glycerone phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

urea

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

anthranilate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

3-oxopropanoate

4-aminobutanoate

succinate semialdehyde

oxalosuccinate

citrate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

oxaloacetate

phosphoenolpyruvate

aminoacetone

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

H₂O

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

CO₂

hydroxypyruvate

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

4-methylphenol

L-homocysteine

hydrogen cyanide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobyrate

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate

preQ₀

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

Fe³⁺

K⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Zn²⁺

hydrogensulfite

selenite

OH^-

thiosulfate

sulfite

superoxide

selenate

hydrogencarbonate

sulfate

phosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

glycine betaine

betaine aldehyde

choline

choline sulfate

betaine aldehyde hydrate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

4-aminobutanal

N-acetylputrescine

cadaverine

spermidine

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

thiocyanate

glutathione

methanethiol

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

taurine

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

3-methylglutaconyl-CoA

isovaleryl-CoA

3-methylcrotonyl-CoA

trans-feruloyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

phytanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

(3R,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-3-hydroxydocosatetraenoyl-CoA

(3R,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA

(3R,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosatetraenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-oxotetracosatetraenoyl-CoA

(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA

(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-3-oxodocosatetraenoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

4-methyl-3-oxoadipyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

4-pyridoxate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine

pyridoxal

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

menadione

FAD

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

XMP

GMP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

dADP

dATP

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

dGDP

dGTP

GDP

GTP

ADP

ATP

AMP

5-fluorocytosine

5-fluorouracil

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dCDP

dUDP

UDP

CDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

preQ₁

cytosine

thymine

uracil

adenine

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

CDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

hydantoin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

orotate

salicylaldehyde

4-hydroxybenzoate

toluene

benzaldehyde

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

phenol

catechol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate

protocatechuate

menadiol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

ferulate

salicylate

benzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

1-octanal

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-xylopyranose

methanol

ethanol

D-arabinitol

D-mannitol

1D-chiro-inositol

scyllo-inositol

myo-inositol

1-keto-D-chiro-inositol

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

scyllo-inosose

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

β-D-fructofuranose

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

L-aspartate

(S)-malate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

(1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

(1E,3E)-4-hydroxybuta-1,3-diene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

cis-2-methylaconitate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

laurate

octanoate

palmitate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-threonine

L-cysteine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-proline

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-alanine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-methionine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-ornithine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

L-proline betaine

D-proline betaine

N-methyl-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

hypoglycin A

L-canaline

L-cystine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

hypoglycin B

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-cysteinylglycine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine