an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

urea

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinal

histidinol

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

quinolinate

DNA without lesion

3-phosphooxypyruvate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

autoinducer 2

2-dehydropantoate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

carboxynorspermidine

norspermidine

shikimate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(lipoyl)adenylate

(R)-mevalonate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

carbonic acid

salicyl alcohol

7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

12α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA

7-α,12-α-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-enoate

12-α-hydroxy-3 oxochola-4,6-dienoate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

propanoyl phosphate

glycolate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

anthranilate

oxaloacetate

citrate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

coproporphyrinogen III

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

acetyl phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

N-carbamoylputrescine

isopentenyl diphosphate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

glutathione disulfide

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

(S)-dihydroorotate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

glycerone phosphate

xanthine

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

phosphoenolpyruvate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

prephenate

CO₂

H₂O

hydroxyl radical

superoxide

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

2-iminopropanoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

γ-L-glutamyl-[(S)-allyl]-L-cysteine

S-allyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-methyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

S-methyl-L-methionine

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

methanethiol

S-sulfanylglutathione

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

3'-dephospho-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(3R,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-3-hydroxydocosatetraenoyl-CoA

(3R,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA

(3R,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosatetraenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-oxotetracosatetraenoyl-CoA

(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-3-oxodocosatetraenoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

riboflavin

nicotinate

all-trans-retinal

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dIDP

dITP

IDP

ITP

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

cyclic-AMP

dATP

dGTP

hypoxanthine

GMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

dGMP

pppGpp

ppGpp

dADP

dGDP

5'-deoxyadenosine

GTP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

GDP

XMP

AMP

ATP

ADP

xanthosine

guanosine

adenosine

inosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

ADP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

uracil

thymine

adenine

guanine

preQ₁

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

molybdopterin

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

adenylyl molybdenum cofactor

bis(molybdenum cofactor)

bis(guanylyl molybdopterin) cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

guanylyl molybdenum cofactor

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

hydroquinone

protocatechuate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

ethanol

methanol

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

β-D-fructofuranose

α-D-galactopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

salicin 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

β-carotene 15,15' epoxide

15,15'-dihydroxy-β-carotene

β-carotene

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

(1E,3E)-4-hydroxybuta-1,3-diene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

(R)-lactate

palmitate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

laurate

butanoate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-citrulline

L-canaline

L-homoserine

L-cystine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-ornithine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-histidine

L-proline

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

L-asparagine

L-alanine

L-arginine

L-glutamine

L-aspartate

L-serine

L-glutamate

glycine

L-methionine

L-cysteine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine

L-saccharopine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

3-phospho-L-serine

S-methyl-L-cysteine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

formate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

methylglyoxal

(R)-acetoin

diacetyl

acetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

ethylphosphate

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

(R)-citramalate

preQ₀

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

OH^-

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride