an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

4-oxoglutaramate

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

4-aminobutanoate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

2,5-dioxopentanoate

(2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate

3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate

3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate

5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

hydrogen selenide

quinolinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

glutathione disulfide

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(S)-ureidoglycolate

L-histidinol phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

pseudouridine

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

glycolate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

(2S)-lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin

oxalate

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

2-maleylacetate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

5-oxo-L-proline

hydrogen peroxide

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

DNA without lesion

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

preuroporphyrinogen

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

L-selenocystathionine

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

lipid IV_A

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

4-pyridoxolactone

6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate

(S)-2-formylglutarate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

N-methylhydantoin

coproporphyrinogen III

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

shikimate 3-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

D-phenylhydantoin

N-carbamoyl-D-phenylglycine

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

N6'-acetylkanamycin-B

L-β-lysine

(S)-2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline

propanoyl phosphate

thiamine phosphate

porphobilinogen

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate

creatinine

2-deoxygluconate

3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

histidinal

histidinol

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

α-D-ribose-1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-2,3-dioxopentyl 1-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

oxalosuccinate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

O-ureido-L-homoserine

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

succinate semialdehyde

citrate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

(S)-dihydroorotate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

oxaloacetate

xanthine

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3-oxopropanoate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

5-aminolevulinate

urea

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

CO₂

carbamoyl phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

H₂O

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

phosphoenolpyruvate

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

5'-deoxyadenosine

IMP

adenylo-succinate

XMP

GMP

dATP

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

dGTP

dADP

dGDP

GDP

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyadenosine

GTP

AMP

ATP

ADP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

UTP

CTP

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-β-L-fucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

uracil

thymine

guanine

adenine

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

UDP-α-D-glucose

CDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

guanosine

adenosine

inosine

xanthosine

coenzyme A

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

orotate

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

FAD

FMN

riboflavin

FADH₂

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

4-hydroxybenzoate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

phenylacetaldehyde

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

menadiol

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

menadione

caldariellaquinone

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

β-D-ribopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

1-octanal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

methanol

ethanol

1-octanol

glycerol

myo-inositol

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

L-xylulose

D-xylulose

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

kanamycin B

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

maltotriose

raffinose

stachyose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

sucrose

L-idonate

D-galactonate

D-mannonate

D-gluconate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

allantoate

(S)-(+)-allantoin

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

nicotinamide

acetate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-citrulline

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-tyrosine

L-histidine

L-threonine

L-phenylalanine

L-proline

L-serine

L-tryptophan

L-alanine

glycine

L-arginine

L-aspartate

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-cysteine

N-carbamoylsarcosine

creatine

(R)-β-lysine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

D-alanine

D-arginine

L-isoglutamine

L,L-diaminopimelate

S-allyl-L-cysteine

S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formyl-L-glutamate

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

iminoarginine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

3-phospho-L-serine

S-methyl-L-cysteine

sarcosine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

D-galactarate

trans-aconitate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

octanoate

laurate

stearate

palmitate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

phenylacetate

ethylphosphate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

hemin

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

(2S)-2-phospholactate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(S)-ureidoglycine

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

Fe³⁺

K⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Ni²⁺

selenite

OH^-

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

nitrate

sulfate

phosphonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

glycine betaine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

γ-L-glutamyl-[(S)-allyl]-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-methyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

glutathione

methanethiol

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

taurine

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

methylacrylyl-CoA

(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

(2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

4-methyl-3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

methane

chenodeoxycholate

cholate

7-oxolithocholate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

thiamine

4-pyridoxate

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX