an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

hydrogen selenide

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

4-aminobutanoate

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(2E)-3-methyl-4,6-dioxohept-2-enedioate

3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde

5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylphenol

(2E)-2-methyl-4,6-dioxohept-2-enedioate

quinolinate

formamide

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

2-phosphoglycolate

glycolate

3-ureidopropanoate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

lipid IV_A

α-D-ribose-1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

DNA without lesion

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

propanoyl phosphate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

urea

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

3-dehydroquinate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

histidinal

histidinol

ammonia

4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

6-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

homogentisate

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate

3-methylgentisate

4-oxoglutaramate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

preuroporphyrinogen

4-(γ-L-glutamylamino)butanal

4-(γ-L-glutamylamino)butanoate

(+)-muconolactone

3-methylmuconolactone

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate-enol-lactone

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

cis,cis-muconate

3-oxopropanoate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

coproporphyrinogen III

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

N-Formyl-L-kynurenine

hydrogen peroxide

muconolactone

4-methyl-3-oxoadipate

carbonic acid

isopentenyl diphosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

L-histidinol phosphate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

5-aminolevulinate

oxalosuccinate

anthranilate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

porphobilinogen

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

succinate semialdehyde

phosphoenolpyruvate

glycerone phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

S-formylglutathione

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

thiamine phosphate

acetoacetate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-dehydropantoate

(R)-pantothenate

oxaloacetate

citrate

CO₂

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

selenodiglutathione

prenyl diphosphate

4-methylgentisate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

thiamine diphosphate

glutathione disulfide

2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal

prephenate

autoinducer 2

L-canavanine

H₂O

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-dihydroorotate

glutathioselenol

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

(Z,Z)-bilirubin-IX α

(Z,Z)-biliverdin-IX α

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

3-chlorobenzoate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

sulfate

superoxide

selenate

selenite

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

spermidine

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione amide disulfide

glutathione

glutathione amide perthiol

glutathione amide

methanethiol

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

trans-feruloyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

malonyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

4-methyl-3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

methane

cholest-4-en-3-one

cholest-dien-3-one

3-oxo-4-pregnene-20-carboxyl-CoA

3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-1,4-dien-22-yl-CoA

androst-4-ene-3,17-dione

androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

nicotinate

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

menadione

FAD

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

menaquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

hypoxanthine

dGMP

dAMP

2'-deoxyguanosine

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

adenylo-succinate

GMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

IMP

AMP

dADP

dATP

IDP

dGDP

dGTP

ATP

GDP

GTP

ADP

dIDP

XMP

ITP

dITP

guanosine

adenosine

uridine

cytidine

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

2-hydroxy-dATP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

UMP

CMP

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

CDP

UDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

hydantoin

reduced riboflavin

orotate

salicylaldehyde

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

2,5-xylenol

3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde

3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylphenol

3,5-xylenol

catechol

protocatechuate

menadiol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

ferulate

5-chloroprotocatechuate

salicylate

3-hydroxybenzoate

benzoate

3-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzoate

3-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

methanol

ethanol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylate

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α,α-trehalose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

L-aspartate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

(1E,3E)-4-hydroxybuta-1,3-diene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

(1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

(3E,5R)-5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

cis-2-methylaconitate

cis-aconitate

2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

laurate

gentisate

(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate

stearate

palmitate

(R)-pantoate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-serine

L-cysteine

L-tyrosine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-threonine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-isoleucine

L-phenylalanine

L-valine

L-proline

L-leucine

L-alanine

L-tryptophan

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-isoglutamine

L-ornithine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-selenomethionine

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine