an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

H₂

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

CO₂

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

glycerone phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

H₂O

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid IV_A

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

hydrogen selenide

glutathione disulfide

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

mercuriphenyl acetate

dialurate

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

acetoacetate

anthranilate

prephenate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

thiamine diphosphate

dethiobiotin

histidinal

preuroporphyrinogen

carbonic acid

(S)-dihydroorotate

acetyl phosphate

porphobilinogen

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

histidinol

shikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

isopentenyl diphosphate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

α-ribazole

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

4-aminobutanoate

O-phosphoethanolamine

phosphocholine

N-methylethanolamine phosphate

N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

quinolinate

carbon monoxide

prenyl diphosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

hydroxypyruvate

O-acetyl-L-serine

(S)-mandelate

(R)-mandelate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

L-β-lysine

hypotaurine

1,3-propanediol

3-hydroxypropanal

L-histidinol phosphate

butanoyl phosphate

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

carboxynorspermidine

norspermidine

urea

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

3-hydroxypropanoate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

hydrogenobyrinate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

glycolate

5-oxo-L-proline

hydrogen peroxide

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

DNA without lesion

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

coproporphyrinogen III

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

3-ureidopropanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

selenophosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

2-iminoacetate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

coenzyme B

methanophenazine

CoB-CoM heterodisulfide

dihydromethanophenazine

propanoyl phosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

xanthine

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

7,8-diaminopelargonate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

citrate

oxaloacetate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

4'-phosphopantetheine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

phosphoenolpyruvate

oxalosuccinate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

4-methylphenol

L-homocysteine

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

DNA with lesion

phenylacetate

ethylphosphate

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

cobalt-factor III

cobalt-precorrin-3

cobalt-precorrin-7

cobalt-precorrin-8

cobalt-precorrin-6B

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

Mg-protoporphyrin

cobalt-precorrin-4

cobalt-precorrin-5A

cobalt-precorrin-5B

cobalt-precorrin-6A

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cobyrinate

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobinamide

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobalt-precorrin-2

protoheme

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

siroheme

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

Hg⁰

2-chloroacetate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

preQ₀

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Mo²⁺

Zn²⁺

Mg²⁺

Hg²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

selenate

molybdate

sulfate

hydrogensulfite

selenite

OH^-

superoxide

selenide

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

glycine betaine

betaine aldehyde

choline

betaine aldehyde hydrate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

taurine

sulfoacetaldehyde

2-sulfinoacetaldehyde

coenzyme M

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

isobutanoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

nicotinate

riboflavin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

dADP

dATP

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

dGDP

dGTP

GDP

GTP

ADP

ATP

AMP

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

cyclic-AMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

hypoxanthine

GMP

XMP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dCDP

dUDP

UDP

CDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-α-D-mannuronate

GDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

preQ₁

thymine

uracil

adenine

guanine

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

coenzyme A

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

thio-molybdenum cofactor

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-3A

precorrin-8x

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

precorrin-3B

precorrin-4

sirohydrochlorin

hydantoin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

benzene

futalosine

dehypoxanthine futalosine

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

protocatechuate

4-aminobenzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribopyranose

β-D-allofuranose

β-D-allopyranose

methanol

ethanol

glycerol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

maltotriose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

α,α-trehalose

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α,α-trehalose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

geranyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

L-aspartate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

acetate

formate

propanoate

butanoate

octanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

decanoate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

α-linolenate

linoleate

stearate

palmitate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

carbamate

L-serine

L-glutamine

glycine

L-cysteine

L-threonine

L-asparagine

L-tyrosine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-methionine

L-valine

L-proline

L-tryptophan

L-phenylalanine

L-alanine

(R)-β-lysine

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L-ornithine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

L-saccharopine

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

L-canaline

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine