an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

4-oxoglutaramate

quinolinate

autoinducer 2

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

histidinal

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

glutathione disulfide

(2R,4S)-2, 4-diaminopentanoate

(2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate

dialurate

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

L-arginino-succinate

carboxyphosphate

dihydroxyacetone

5-aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

preuroporphyrinogen

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

hydrogenobyrinate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

α-ribazole

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

3-ureidopropanoate

DNA without lesion

prephenate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

5-methylcytosine

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

methylsalicylate

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

L-quinate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

thiamine diphosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

shikimate 3-phosphate

7,8-diaminopelargonate

dethiobiotin

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

2-oxoglutaramate

creatinine

acetoacetate

(R)-pantothenate

2-dehydropantoate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

hydrogen peroxide

H₂

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

poly(ribitol phosphate)

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

selenophosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

L-canavanine

urea

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

prenyl diphosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

5-aminopentanoate

dihydrolipoate

pimeloyl-CoA

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

oxaloacetate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

xanthine

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

mercuriphenyl acetate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

acetyl phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinol

formamide

butanoyl phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

carbonic acid

glycolate

coproporphyrinogen III

4-aminobutanoate

salicyl alcohol

O-ureido-L-homoserine

phosphocholine

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

CO₂

carbamoyl phosphate

H₂O

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

N₂

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cobyrinate

adenosylcobyrate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobalt-precorrin-2

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobinamide

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

protoporphyrinogen IX

siroheme

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

Fe³⁺

K⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Hg²⁺

Cd²⁺

Mo²⁺

OH^-

superoxide

selenide

hydrogencarbonate

molybdate

nitrate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

glycine betaine

choline

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

glutathione

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

malonyl-CoA

(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

(2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

3'-dephospho-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

cholate

chenodeoxycholate

7-oxolithocholate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

thiamine

riboflavin

all-trans-retinol

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxal

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

dGTP

dATP

dADP

dGDP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

2'-deoxyinosine

hypoxanthine

adenylo-succinate

2'-deoxyadenosine

dAMP

2'-deoxyguanosine

dGMP

XMP

IMP

GTP

GMP

GDP

5'-deoxyadenosine

AMP

ATP

ADP

5-fluorocytosine

5-fluorouracil

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dCTP

dTTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

UMP

CMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

ADP-α-D-glucose

cytosine

thymine

uracil

guanine

adenine

CDP-choline

5,6-dihydrouracil

5,6-dihydrothymine

UDP-α-D-glucose

CDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

thio-molybdenum cofactor

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-3A

precorrin-6A

precorrin-4

precorrin-5

precorrin-6B

precorrin-7

precorrin-8x

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

sirohydrochlorin

hydantoin

7,8-dihydrolumazine

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropterin

orotate

urate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

benzene

hydroquinone

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

protocatechuate

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

methylglyoxal

glycolaldehyde

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

(R)-lactaldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-allofuranose

β-D-allopyranose

methanol

glycerol

ethylene glycol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

maltotriose

raffinose

stachyose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

sucrose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

D-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

L-fuculose

β-L-fucopyranose

α-L-fucopyranose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

D-mannonate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinylglycine)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinyl)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

fumarate

L-aspartate

(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

butanoate

leukotriene-D4

leukotriene-E4

palmitate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

carbamate

L-serine

L-threonine

L-asparagine

L-tyrosine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-cysteine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-glutamate

L-isoleucine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-phenylalanine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-methionine

N-carbamoylsarcosine

creatine

β-alanine

β-glutamate

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-ornithine

D-aspartate

D-proline

D-alanine

L-isoglutamine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formyl-L-methionine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

sarcosine

N-carbamoylglycine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-canaline

meso-diaminopimelate

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanine

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine