an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

carbamoyl phosphate

CO₂

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

porphobilinogen

H₂O

preuroporphyrinogen

(R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate

hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide

hydrogenobyrinate

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

α-ribazole

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

glycolate

carbonic acid

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

phosphoenolpyruvate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

butanoyl phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

acetyl phosphate

glycerone phosphate

ethanolamine

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

salicyl alcohol

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

isopentenyl diphosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

thiamine diphosphate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

(indol-3 yl)acetyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

mercuriphenyl acetate

dihydrolipoate

5-aminopentanoate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

xanthine

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

oxaloacetate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

prenyl diphosphate

hydrogen peroxide

dihydroxyacetone

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

prephenate

O-acetyl-L-serine

dethiobiotin

7,8-diaminopelargonate

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

2-oxoglutaramate

pseudaminate

(R)-pantothenate

2-dehydropantoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

oxythiamine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

pyrithiamine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

H₂

urea

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

selenophosphate

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

poly(ribitol phosphate)

L-canavanine

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

DNA without lesion

3-ureidopropanoate

4-aminobutanoate

formamide

carboxyphosphate

L-arginino-succinate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

glutathione disulfide

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

(2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate

(2R,4S)-2, 4-diaminopentanoate

histidinal

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

quinolinate

autoinducer 2

dialurate

4-oxoglutaramate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

hydrogen cyanide

preQ₀

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-chloroacetate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoporphyrin IX

siroheme

protoheme

cob(I)alamin

adenosylcobalamin

cobalt-precorrin-2

cobalt-sirohydrochlorin

cobyrinate

cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(II)yrinate c-monoamide

adenosylcobyrate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate

adenosylcobinamide-GDP

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

N₂

ethylphosphate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysine

N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

L-proline

L-glutamine

glycine

L-serine

L-alanine

L-leucine

β-glutamate

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-phenylalanine

L-aspartate

L-tyrosine

L-asparagine

L-threonine

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-ornithine

L-canaline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

D-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-carbamoylglycine

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-formyl-L-methionine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-threonine 3-O-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-isoglutamine

D-alanine

D-proline

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

fumarate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

butanoate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-cis-vaccenoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dicis-vaccenoyl-phosphatidate

leukotriene-E4

leukotriene-D4

(R)-lactate

formate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinyl)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinylglycine)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-[18-hydroxyoeoyl]-2-[18-hydroxy-lioleoyl]-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-cis-vaccenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-L-altropyranose

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ADP-α-D-glucose

arbutin-6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

glycerol

β-D-fructofuranose

keto-D-fructose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-ribopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-allopyranose

β-D-allofuranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

glycolaldehyde

D-xylulose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

maltotetraose

maltotriose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

ethanol

methanol

hydroquinone

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

methylglyoxal

benzene

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

adenine

guanine

AMP

GMP

IMP

XMP

ATP

GTP

ADP

GDP

dGDP

dADP

dATP

dGTP

dGMP

dAMP

hypoxanthine

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

tetrahydromethanopterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

thio-molybdenum cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FMN

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

hydantoin

sirohydrochlorin

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

precorrin-3A

precorrin-6A

precorrin-6B

precorrin-5

precorrin-4

precorrin-8x

precorrin-7

2-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)ethanol

preQ₁

isoguanine

thymine

uracil

dTMP

dUMP

CTP

dCMP

UDP

UTP

CDP

dCDP

dUTP

dUDP

5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone

aminomethylpyrimidine

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

formylaminopyrimidine

dTTP

dTDP

dCTP

CMP

UMP

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine

pyridoxal

cholate

glycocholate

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

(2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

palmitoleoyl-CoA

myristoyl-CoA

cis-vaccenoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

18-hydroxylinoleoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

thiocyanate

glutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

spermine

N¹-acetylspermine

N-acetylputrescine

N¹-acetylspermidine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

Fe³⁺

Mg²⁺

Mo²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Hg²⁺

Ca²⁺

ammonium

Na⁺

H⁺

K⁺

molybdate

hydrogencarbonate

selenide

sulfite

thiosulfate

OH^-

hydrogensulfite

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate