an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

tartronate semialdehyde

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

CO₂

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

citrate

oxaloacetate

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

3-keto-L-gulonate

coproporphyrinogen III

isopentenyl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

hydrogen peroxide

glycolate

prenyl diphosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

DNA without lesion

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

quinolinate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

glycerone phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-ribulose 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

formate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

acetoacetate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

poly(ribitol phosphate)

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

acetyl phosphate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

(S)-ureidoglycolate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

5-hydroxyindole acetate

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

propynoate

prop-2-ynal

palmitaldehyde

dimethylsulfoniopropanoate

4-imidazoleacetate

imidazole acetaldehyde

D-glucurono-6,3-lactone

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde

(2E)-hexadecenal

4-acetamidobutanoate

4-acetamidobutanal

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

O-acetyl-L-serine

methylsalicylate

salicyl alcohol

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

carbon monoxide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

gallate

digallate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinol

histidinal

3-ureidopropanoate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

L-β-lysine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

thiamine diphosphate

propanoyl phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

3-dehydroquinate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

prephenate

3-dehydroshikimate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

dihydroxyacetone

xanthine

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

5-androstene-3,17-dione

pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

5-hydroxy-3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione-17-ol

3-hydroxypropanal

orotidine 5'-phosphate

selenophosphate

trimethylamine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

5-oxo-L-proline

phosphocholine

choline

O-phosphoethanolamine

ethanolamine

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate

meso-tartrate

L-tartrate

H₂

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

quercitrin

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

(lipoyl)adenylate

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

L-canavanine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

urea

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

pseudouridine

(S)-dihydroorotate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

L-dehydro-ascorbate

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

oxamate

2,5-dioxopentanoate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-citrulline

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-alanine

L-proline

L-valine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

glycine

L-threonine

L-serine

L-aspartate

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-tryptophan

L-arginine

L-tyrosine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-cystine

L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-ornithine

L-canaline

L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-carbamoylglycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L-cystathionine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

D-glutamate

(R)-β-lysine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

salicylate

protocatechuate

benzoate

acetate

D-gluconate

allantoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

orotate

fluoroacetate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

D-tagaturonate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

laurate

octanoate

palmitate

decanoate

phytenate

(2E)-hexadecenoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

(R)-glycerate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-oxoadipate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

D-galactarate

D-glucarate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

(S)-(+)-allantoin

salicylaldehyde

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

all-trans-retinol

3-oxo-24-ethyl-cholest-5-ene

sitosterol

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

D-altronate

L-idonate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ADP-α-D-glucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

β-L-rhamnopyranose

β-D-fructofuranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

α-D-ribofuranose

keto-D-fructose

D-xylulose

L-ribulose

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycerol

sucrose

stachyose

raffinose

3,4-dihydroxymandelate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate

butan-1-ol

ethanol

methanol

fluoroacetaldehyde

benzaldehyde

phytenal

dodecanal

decanal

1-octanal

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

isobutanal

diacetyl

acetone

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

quercetin

quercetin-3-glucoside

rutin

hesperidin

hesperitin-7-O-β-D-glucoside

prunin

naringin

4-nitrophenol

(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

vanillyl mandelate

adenine

guanine

AMP

XMP

IMP

GMP

ATP

GTP

ADP

GDP

dADP

dGDP

dATP

dGTP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

inosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

cyclic pyranopterin phosphate

molybdopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

FADH₂

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FAD

FMN

riboflavin

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

UDP

CTP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

UTP

dTDP

dTMP

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

dTTP

dUMP

dUTP

dCTP

CDP-choline

UMP

CMP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

hydantoin

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

ppGpp

pppGpp

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

(S)-NADPHX

(R)-NADPHX

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

thiamine

nicotinate

L-ascorbate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

pregnenolone

17-α-hydroxypregnenolone

cholest-5-en-3-one

cholesterol

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

methanethiol

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

monodehydroascorbate radical

molybdate

hydrogencarbonate

selenate

selenite

selenide

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

Mo²⁺

Mg²⁺

Co²⁺

Fe²⁺

H⁺

Na⁺

ammonium

2-chloroacetate

preQ₀

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-ureidoglycine

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

uroporphyrinogen-III

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

N₂

DNA with lesion