an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

2-keto-L-gulonate

selenodiglutathione

glutathioselenol

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

urea

glutathione disulfide

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate

(4Z)-2-oxohept-4-enedioate

4-prenylphlorisobutyrophenone

3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

phosphocholine

carboxynorspermidine

norspermidine

carbonic acid

luteolin 7-O-[β-D-glucosyluronate-(1,2)-β-D-glucosiduronate]-4'-O-β-D-glucosiduronate

luteolin 7-O-β-D-diglucuronide

luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-phosphonopyruvate

(R)-pantothenate

lipid IV_A

xanthine

N-carbamoylputrescine

glycolate

(lipoyl)adenylate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

histidinal

isopentenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

L-canavanine

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

2-dehydropantoate

hydrogen selenide

coenzyme B

methanophenazine

CoB-CoM heterodisulfide

dihydromethanophenazine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

chloramphenicol

prenyl diphosphate

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

pimeloyl-CoA

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4'-phosphopantetheine

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate

prephenate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

L-β-lysine

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

3-dehydroquinate

O-acetyl-L-serine

3-phosphooxypyruvate

DNA without lesion

coproporphyrinogen III

L-selenocystathionine

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

thiamine phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

acetyl phosphate

aminoacetone

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

hydrogen peroxide

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

L-histidinol phosphate

histidinol

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

quinolinate

oxaloacetate

citrate

(S)-dihydroorotate

phosphoenolpyruvate

glycerone phosphate

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

oxalosuccinate

CO₂

H₂O

butanoyl phosphate

DNA with lesion

L-homocysteine

phenylacetate

ethylphosphate

hydrogen cyanide

adenosylcobalamin

cob(I)alamin

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosylcobinamide

adenosyl-cobinamide phosphate

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoheme

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

β-D-mannosyl-(C55 ω-saturated dolichyl phosphate)

sn-glycerol 1-phosphate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ω-saturated C55 dolichol phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(R)-citramalate

preQ₀

chloramphenicol 3-acetate

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

hydrogensulfite

selenite

OH^-

superoxide

selenate

thiosulfate

sulfite

hydrogencarbonate

sulfate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

choline

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

agmatine

cadaverine

glutathione

thiocyanate

methanethiol

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

coenzyme M

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

3-sulfino-L-alanine

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

riboflavin

all-trans-retinol

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

FMNH₂

FMN

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

demethylmenaquinol-8

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

dAMP

2'-deoxyguanosine

dGMP

hypoxanthine

pppGpp

ppGpp

cyclic-GMP

dGDP

dIDP

dITP

IDP

ITP

dADP

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dGTP

dATP

GTP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

GDP

XMP

GMP

AMP

ATP

ADP

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

uridine

cytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

CDP

UDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-β-L-fucose

preQ₁

uracil

adenine

guanine

CDP-choline

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

precorrin-1

precorrin-2

7,8-dihydrolumazine

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydromonapterin triphosphate

7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

5,6,7,8-tetrahydromonapterin

(6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

luteolin

urate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

diacetyl

methylglyoxal

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

methanol

ethanol

butan-1-ol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

unsaturated gellan tetrasaccharide

maltotriose

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Glcp

raffinose

stachyose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

sucrose

α,α-trehalose

keto-D-fructose

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

D-ribulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α,α-trehalose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

L-idonate

L-gulonate

D-gluconate

D-mannonate

D-altronate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxyoleate

geranyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

phlorisovalerophenone

deoxycohumulone

4-prenylphlorisovalerophenone

deoxyhumulone

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

L-aspartate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

acetate

formate

propanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

butanoate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

laurate

octanoate

4-hydroxybutanoate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

linoleate

α-linolenate

stearate

oleate

palmitate

phytenate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

β-D-glucuronate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

carbamate

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-cysteine

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-histidine

L-glutamate

L-leucine

L-valine

L-selenocysteine

L-isoleucine

L-alanine

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-proline

L-methionine

β-alanine

(R)-β-lysine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-cystathionine

L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

L-saccharopine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

L-citrulline

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine