an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

glycerone phosphate

H₂O

(S)-dihydroorotate

phosphoenolpyruvate

CO₂

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

formate

oxaloacetate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

butanoyl phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

citrate

oxalosuccinate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

acetyl phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

hydrogen peroxide

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

thiamine phosphate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

selenophosphate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

3-oxopropanoate

thiamine diphosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

citraconate

xanthine

isopentenyl diphosphate

prephenate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

5-methylcytosine

O-acetyl-L-serine

(R)-mevalonate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(lipoyl)adenylate

L-canavanine

dihydroxyacetone

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

DNA without lesion

3-phosphooxypyruvate

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glycolate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

CDP-glycerol

histidinol

histidinal

chloroacetaldehyde

ethanolamine

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

coproporphyrinogen III

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

glutathione disulfide

quinolinate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

prenyl diphosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

urea

autoinducer 2

ammonia

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ATP

AMP

ADP

GDP

GTP

IMP

adenylo-succinate

dADP

dATP

dGDP

dGTP

XMP

GMP

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

ppGpp

pppGpp

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

8-oxo-dGTP

isoguanine

8-oxo-GTP

adenine

guanine

uracil

thymine

cytosine

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

cytidine

uridine

5-fluorouracil

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluorocytosine

6,7-dehydrobaicalein

baicalein

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

FMN

riboflavin

FAD

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FADH₂

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

adenosylcobalamin

glycolaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

α-D-ribofuranose

methylglyoxal

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

D-gluconate

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-ribitol 5-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

keto-D-fructose

β-D-fructofuranose

keto-L-rhamnulose

keto-L-sorbose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

L-iditol

D-sorbitol

β-D-cellobiose

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

betanidin quinone

betanidin

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

myo-inositol

scyllo-inositol

1D-chiro-inositol

scyllo-inosose

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

1-keto-D-chiro-inositol

hydroquinone

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

ethanol

methanol

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-aspartate

L-isoleucine

glycine

L-glutamate

L-threonine

L-valine

L-glutamine

L-alanine

L-arginine

L-serine

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-asparagine

L-leucine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-proline

L-tyrosine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

L-homocysteine

L-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L,L-diaminopimelate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

3-phospho-L-serine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

salicylate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

acetate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

butanoate

palmitate

(R)-glycerate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

isobutanoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

ethene

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

thiamine

cob(I)alamin

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

demethylmenaquinol-8

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

cadaverine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

OH^-

selenide

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

hydroxyl radical

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

2-chloroacetate

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-citramalate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

protoporphyrin IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoheme

adenosylcobinamide

cob(I)inamide

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

cob(I)yrinate a,c-diamide

DNA with lesion