an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-arginino-succinate

H₂O

oxaloacetate

hydrogen peroxide

CO₂

acetyl phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

3-dehydroquinate

L-quinate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

S-formylglutathione

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

2-succinylbenzoate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

glycerone phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

isopentenyl diphosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

prephenate

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

oxalosuccinate

citrate

butanoyl phosphate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

4-aminobutanoate

N5-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine

CDP-glycerol

glycolate

salicyl alcohol

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

3-oxopropanoate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

(S)-ureidoglycolate

DNA without lesion

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

histidinol

histidinal

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

propanoyl phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

dihydroxyacetone

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

isochorismate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

xanthine

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

L-selenocystathionine

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

2-keto-D-gluconate

carbonic acid

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

2-maleylacetate

preuroporphyrinogen

porphobilinogen

urea

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

chloroacetaldehyde

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

citraconate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

acetoacetate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

(lipoyl)adenylate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol

methylsalicylate

thiamine phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

quinolinate

2-oxopent-4-enoate

2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate

2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate

glutathione disulfide

2-keto-L-gulonate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

autoinducer 2

ammonia

aminoacetone

(2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(3E)-2-oxopent-3-enoate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

FMN

FMNH₂

FADH₂

FAD

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

3-demethylubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

2-chloroacetate

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

ethene

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

2-octaprenylphenol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-citramalate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

ethylphosphate

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

ADP

ATP

AMP

GDP

GTP

XMP

IMP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

dITP

dIDP

ITP

IDP

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

GMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

8-oxo-dGTP

isoguanine

8-oxo-GTP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

dTTP

dUTP

dCTP

UMP

CMP

CDP

UDP

CTP

UTP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

cytidine

uridine

ADP-α-D-glucose

GDP-α-D-mannuronate

GDP-α-D-mannose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

adenine

guanine

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

6,7-dehydrobaicalein

baicalein

tetrahydromethanopterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

guanylyl molybdenum cofactor

MoO₂-molybdopterin cofactor

7,8-dihydropteroate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

riboflavin

reduced riboflavin

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(R)-acetoin

2,5-piperidinedione

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

glycolaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

1-octanal

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

α-L-rhamnopyranose

D-gluconate

L-idonate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

arbutin-6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-ribitol 5-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

L-iditol

D-sorbitol

keto-D-fructose

keto-L-sorbose

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

D-xylulose

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

β-D-cellobiose

maltotriose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

unsaturated gellan tetrasaccharide

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Glcp

betanidin quinone

betanidin

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

(3E)-undec-3-enoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-cis-undecadienoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3E)-tetradec-3-enoyl-CoA

(2E,4E)-tetradeca-2,4-dienoyl-CoA

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

18-hydroxyoleate

1-octanol

ethanol

methanol

myo-inositol

scyllo-inositol

1D-chiro-inositol

scyllo-inosose

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

1-keto-D-chiro-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

hydroquinone

biphenyl-2,3-diol

protocatechuate

carbamate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

S-methyl-L-methionine

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-histidine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

glycine

L-serine

L-glutamine

L-alanine

L-proline

L-leucine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-citrulline

L-methionine

L-aspartate

L-isoleucine

L-threonine

L-asparagine

L-valine

L-cysteine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-ornithine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

L-canaline

meso-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L,L-diaminopimelate

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

7-hydroxylaurate

decanoate

laurate

octanoate

pyruvate

acetate

formate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

butanoate

3-oxoadipate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

salicylate

benzoate

4-aminobenzoate

allantoate

(R)-pantoate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

pristanate

palmitate

stearate

oleate

phytenate

linoleate

α-linolenate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

(S)-(+)-allantoin

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

5-aminolevulinyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

trans-Δ², cis-Δ⁴-decadienoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

trans-dienelactone

cis-dienelactone

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

preQ₀

biphenyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

4-hydroxybenzoate

urate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

methanethiol

Fe³⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

K⁺

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate