an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(S)-dihydroorotate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

H₂O

L-canavanine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

4'-phosphopantetheine

autoinducer 2

shikimate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

salicyl alcohol

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen peroxide

DNA without lesion

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

anthranilate

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

norspermidine

carboxynorspermidine

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

urea

methylsalicylate

phloretate

phloroglucinol

phloretin

N⁴-(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

prephenate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

L-selenocystathionine

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

prenyl diphosphate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

glutathione disulfide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

dihydroxyacetone

3-dehydroquinate

L-quinate

citrate

oxaloacetate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

CO₂

orotidine 5'-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

glycerone phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

oxalosuccinate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

2-phosphoglycolate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

glycolate

thiamine phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

3-phosphooxypyruvate

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminylamine

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

histidinol

isochorismate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

coproporphyrinogen III

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

histidinal

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

quinolinate

xanthine

shikimate 3-phosphate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

carboxyphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

ethanolamine

thiamine diphosphate

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-chloroacetate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

hemin

protoheme

L-homocysteine

DNA with lesion

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-methionine

L-tyrosine

glycine

L-serine

L-glutamate

L-tryptophan

L-asparagine

L-phenylalanine

L-valine

L-proline

L-arginine

L-isoleucine

L-threonine

L-alanine

L-glutamine

L-aspartate

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-leucine

L-cysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-ornithine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-saccharopine

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

D-alanine

D-glutamate

D-aspartate

salicylate

protocatechuate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

palmitate

laurate

13-[O(2')-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]docosanoate O(6'')-acetate

13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate

sophorosyloxydocosanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

pyruvate

formate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-oxoadipate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

all-trans-retinol

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

(2E,4E)-tetradeca-2,4-dienoyl-CoA

(3E)-tetradec-3-enoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-3-enoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-cis-undecadienoyl-CoA

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

ADP-α-D-glucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

arbutin-6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-ribitol 5-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

β-D-fructofuranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycerol

sucrose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

maltotriose

stachyose

raffinose

hydroquinone

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

ethanol

butan-1-ol

methanol

methylglyoxal

(S)-lactaldehyde

butan-1-al

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

caldariellaquinone

diacetyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

caldariellaquinol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

adenine

guanine

XMP

AMP

IMP

GMP

ATP

GTP

ADP

GDP

dGDP

dADP

dGTP

dATP

dAMP

dGMP

hypoxanthine

guanosine

xanthosine

inosine

adenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FMN

thymine

uracil

preQ₁

isoguanine

UDP

dUDP

CDP

dCDP

dTDP

CTP

dCTP

UTP

dUTP

dTMP

dUMP

dTTP

dCMP

CMP

UMP

cytidine

uridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

coenzyme A

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

pppGpp

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

ppGpp

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

2-hydroxy-dATP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

ethene

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

cholate

glycocholate

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

trans-Δ², cis-Δ⁴-decadienoyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

methanethiol

agmatine

putrescine

spermidine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

Fe³⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

Zn²⁺

H⁺

K⁺

ammonium

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

preQ₀