an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

quinolinate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

oxamate

L-arginino-succinate

urea

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(R)-mevalonate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

CDP-glycerol

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

2-maleylacetate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

propanoyl phosphate

carbonic acid

carboxyphosphate

(S)-ureidoglycolate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

prenyl diphosphate

ethanolamine

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

thiamine triphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

4-aminobutanoate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

glycolate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

xanthine

methylsalicylate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

DNA without lesion

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

(lipoyl)adenylate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

selenophosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

3-oxopropanoate

chloramphenicol

autoinducer 2

salicyl alcohol

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

shikimate 3-phosphate

isochorismate

2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

hydrogen peroxide

2-succinylbenzoate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glutathione disulfide

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

acetyl phosphate

oxaloacetate

4'-phosphopantetheine

orotidine 5'-phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

isopentenyl diphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

glycerone phosphate

dihydroxyacetone

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

L-quinate

3-dehydroquinate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

phosphoenolpyruvate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

prephenate

CO₂

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

H₂O

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

2-chloroacetate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

OH^-

superoxide

selenide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

Fe³⁺

K⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

hydroxyl radical

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoglycerol

glycerophosphoserine

2-iminopropanoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

cadaverine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

γ-L-glutamyl-[(S)-allyl]-L-cysteine

S-allyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-methyl-L-cysteine

γ-L-glutamyl-(S)-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

methanethiol

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

methylacrylyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-cis-undecadienoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-3-enoyl-CoA

(2E,4E)-tetradeca-2,4-dienoyl-CoA

(3E)-tetradec-3-enoyl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

trans-Δ², cis-Δ⁴-decadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

ethene

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

phenylacetate

thiamine

nicotinate

all-trans-retinol

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

FAD

FADH₂

ubiquinol-8

demethylmenaquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

dIDP

dITP

IDP

ITP

pppGpp

ppGpp

dGMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

hypoxanthine

GMP

dATP

dGTP

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

dADP

dGDP

GTP

GDP

IMP

XMP

ADP

ATP

AMP

xanthosine

guanosine

adenosine

inosine

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

UTP

CTP

dCMP

dUMP

dTMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

uracil

thymine

guanine

adenine

preQ₁

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

orotate

4-hydroxybenzoate

urate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

hydroquinone

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

protocatechuate

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

(R)-acetoin

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

α-D-xylopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

1D-chiro-inositol

scyllo-inositol

myo-inositol

1-keto-D-chiro-inositol

scyllo-inosose

3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

methanol

ethanol

glycerol

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

β-D-fructofuranose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

isoprimeverose

D-gluconate

D-mannonate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

6-aminopenicillanate

isopenicillin N

penicillin G

allantoate

(S)-(+)-allantoin

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

(R)-lactate

(R)-glycerate

stearate

palmitate

laurate

butanoate

acetate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-2-aminoadipate

carbamate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

3-phospho-L-serine

S-methyl-L-cysteine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

L-citrulline

L-homoserine

L-canaline

L-ornithine

L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-proline

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-phenylalanine

L-alanine

L-asparagine

L-aspartate

L-arginine

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

glycine

L-serine

L-threonine

L-methionine

L-cysteine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

(3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

3-oxoadipate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

formate

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

DNA with lesion

ethylphosphate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobyrate

protoheme

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoporphyrinogen IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(S)-ureidoglycine

(R)-citramalate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

preQ₀

chloramphenicol 3-acetate