an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

quinolinate

acetoacetate

hydroxypyruvate

5-ureidoimidazole-4-carboxylate

5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxylate

4-aminoimidazole

3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one

L-arginino-succinate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

(2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate

(2R,4S)-2, 4-diaminopentanoate

isobutanol

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

indole-3-lactate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

phosphite

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

mercuriphenyl acetate

2-iminoacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

hydrogen peroxide

tartronate semialdehyde

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

acetyl phosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

glutathione disulfide

H₂O

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

CO₂

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

CDP-glycerol

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

phosphocholine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

(R)-mevalonate

isopentenyl diphosphate

2-oleoylglycerol

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

glycolate

2-phosphoglycolate

coproporphyrinogen III

xanthine

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

DNA without lesion

prenyl diphosphate

ethanolamine

4-pyridoxolactone

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

lipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

thiamine diphosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

4-guanidinobutanoate

4-guanidinobutyramide

propionamide

acrylate

acrylamide

enol-phenylpyruvate

oxaloacetate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

4'-phosphopantetheine

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

carbamoyl phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

poly(ribitol phosphate)

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

2-dehydropantoate

2-maleylacetate

(lipoyl)adenylate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

dihydroxyacetone

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

estrone 3-sulfate

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen selenide

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

prephenate

dihydrolipoate

5-aminopentanoate

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminylamine

N⁴-(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine

O-ureido-L-homoserine

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

carbon monoxide

4-methylphenol

L-homocysteine

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

D-gluconate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

maltotriose

sucrose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

L-glyceraldehyde

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

glycerol

galactitol

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

L-ascorbate 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

UDP-α-D-galactose

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

sucrose 6^G-phosphate

UDP-α-D-glucose

ADP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

GDP-α-D-mannose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

(S)-lactaldehyde

formaldehyde

butan-1-al

isobutanal

acetaldehyde

methylglyoxal

acetate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

palmitate

butanoate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

(R)-glycerate

chorismate

fumarate

L-aspartate

(S)-malate

D-galactarate

D-glucarate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

N-formimino-glycine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-formyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

D-ornithine

D-methionine

D-aspartate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

D-proline

L-phenylalanine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

L-cysteine

glycine

L-serine

L-asparagine

L-threonine

L-glutamine

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-glutamate

L-proline

L-alanine

L-leucine

β-alanine

L-citrulline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-canaline

L-ornithine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-methionine

L-cystathionine

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

nicotinamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

acetamide

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

estrone

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

3-β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminobutanoate

enterobactin

myo-inositol

phytate

D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)-pentakisphosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

butan-1-ol

ethanol

methanol

glycerophosphoglycerol

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoserine

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

choline

putrescine

spermidine

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

thiocyanate

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

Zn²⁺

Mn²⁺

Hg²⁺

Fe²⁺

Ca²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Na⁺

sulfate

hydrogensulfite

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

sulfite

thiosulfate

chloride

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

trimethyl sulfonium

riboflavin

nicotinate

thiamine

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

all-trans-retinol

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

FMN

FMNH₂

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

hydrogen cyanide

preQ₀

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

oxygen

Hg⁰

hydrogen sulfide

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

DNA with lesion

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine amide

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

ADP

ATP

cyclic-AMP

ppGpp

GDP

pppGpp

GTP

dADP

dATP

dGDP

dGTP

5'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

adenylo-succinate

GMP

IMP

XMP

AMP

CDP-choline

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

inosine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

uridine

cytidine

preQ₁

purine

adenine

guanine

thymine

uracil

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

UMP

CMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

7,8-dihydropteroate

reduced riboflavin

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

urate

6,8-dihydroxypurine

8-hydroxypurine

benzene

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

4-hydroxybenzoate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

neoabietadiene

(+)-copalyl diphosphate

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA