an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

CO₂

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

L-histidinol phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

3-keto-β-D-galactose

thiamine diphosphate

glycerone phosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

4'-phosphopantetheine

prephenate

xanthine

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

O-acetyl-L-serine

hydrogen selenide

succinate semialdehyde

phosphoenolpyruvate

hydrogen peroxide

biuret

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

coproporphyrinogen III

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

indole-3-glycol aldehyde

indole-3-glycol

2-methylbutanal

2-methylbutanol

isobutanol

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

5-hydroxytryptophol

3-methylbutanal

3-methylbutanol

2-phenylethanol

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

shikimate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

L-arginino-succinate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

acetyl phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

2-keto-D-gluconate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

oxaloacetate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

methylamine

ethylamine

N-ethylglycine

2-iminoacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-dehydropantoate

5-methylcytosine

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

carbonic acid

acetoacetate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

propionamide

4-guanidinobutanoate

4-guanidinobutyramide

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

acrylate

acrylamide

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

DNA without lesion

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoyl-CoA

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

2-O-(6-phospho-α-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate

(R)-mandelate

(S)-mandelate

glycolate

2-phosphoglycolate

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

2-oleoylglycerol

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

carbon monoxide

4-aminobutanoate

urea

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

pseudouridine

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

quinolinate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

histidinal

histidinol

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

hydroxyl radical

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

(R)-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

oxygen

hydrogen sulfide

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

DNA with lesion

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine amide

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

pristanate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

glycine

L-alanine

L-glutamine

L-serine

L-proline

L-leucine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

β-alanine

L-citrulline

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-aspartate

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-phenylalanine

L-methionine

L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-selenocysteine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

sarcosine

3-phospho-L-serine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

GDP

dGDP

ADP

dADP

ATP

XMP

dGTP

GTP

dATP

IMP

5'-deoxyadenosine

GMP

adenylo-succinate

pppGpp

ppGpp

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyguanosine

AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

5-fluorocytosine

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

preQ₁

adenine

guanine

uracil

thymine

cytosine

dUDP

dCDP

dTDP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

dTMP

dUMP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

CMP

UMP

UDP

CDP

CTP

UTP

5-hydroxy-CTP

2-hydroxy-dATP

UDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

GDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

GDP-α-D-mannose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

5-fluorouracil

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

cytidine

uridine

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

FAD

FMN

cyanuric acid

4-tyrosol

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

catechol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

demethylmenaquinol-8

4-methylphenol

salicylate

benzoate

4-aminobenzoate

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde

phenylacetaldehyde

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

all-trans-retinol

all-trans-retinal

β-carotene 15,15' epoxide

β-carotene

15,15'-dihydroxy-β-carotene

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

dioleoyl phosphatidate

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

acetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

cerotoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

2-carboxy-cerotoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

D-gluconate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

XXXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

maltotriose

6,6-kestotetraose

6-kestotriose

6_G-kestotriose

1-kestotriose

1,1-kestotetraose

1,6-kestotetraose

sucrose

isoprimeverose

α-kojibiose

α-lactose

α-maltose

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

XLLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XXLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

α-D-xylopyranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribopyranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

D-xylulose

D-ribulose

L-ribulose

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

3'-ketolactose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)₅-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

(S)-lactaldehyde

(R)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

isobutanal

1-propanal

butan-1-al

phytenal

diacetyl

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

hippurate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

oleate

palmitate

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate

α-linolenate

linoleate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

phytenate

octanoate

decanoate

butanoate

2-oxoglutarate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

formate

propanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

4-hydroxybutanoate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

nicotinamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

acetamide

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylate

ethylene glycol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

propan-1-ol

phytol

ethanol

butan-1-ol

methanol

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal

methionol

dimethyl sulfide

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

Fe³⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Ca²⁺

Fe²⁺

Zn²⁺

Mn²⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

hydrogencarbonate

thiosulfate

OH^-

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

thiamine

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

pyridoxine

pyridoxamine

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

coenzyme A

preQ₀

acrylonitrile

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate