an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

(S)-dihydroorotate

3α,12α-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

carbonic acid

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

L-canavanine

histidinal

preuroporphyrinogen

citrate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

coproporphyrinogen III

quinolinate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

thiamine diphosphate

2-iminoacetate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

4'-phosphopantetheine

3-phosphonopyruvate

β-L-arabinose 1-phosphate

3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

glutathionylspermidine

hydrogen selenide

3-phosphooxypyruvate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

anthranilate

prephenate

aminoacetone

5-aminopentanal

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

lipid IV_A

indole-3-ethanol

oxalosuccinate

DNA without lesion

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

2-oxopent-4-enoate

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate

(2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate

ammonia

formamide

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

norspermidine

carboxynorspermidine

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

core oligosaccharide-lipid A (E. coli K-12 core type)

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

7-epicholate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

homogentisate

4-maleyl-acetoacetate

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone

α-D-galacturonate 1-phosphate

L-dehydro-ascorbate

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

(2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(3E)-2-oxopent-3-enoate

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

H₂O

CO₂

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

xanthine

acetoacetate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

phosphoenolpyruvate

oxaloacetate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

pimeloyl-CoA

7,8-diaminopelargonate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

dethiobiotin

L-arginino-succinate

canavaninosuccinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

4-guanidinobutyramide

O-acetyl-L-serine

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

glycerone phosphate

acetyl phosphate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

hydrogen peroxide

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carbamoyl phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid X

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

selenophosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-dehydropantoate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

H₂

autoinducer 2

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

porphobilinogen

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminopropanoate

2-iminosuccinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

ppGpp

pppGpp

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

dGMP

dAMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

AMP

ATP

ADP

GDP

GMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

adenylo-succinate

IMP

GTP

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

ITP

IDP

dITP

dIDP

XMP

GDP-α-D-mannuronate

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-β-L-fucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose

dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactopyranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-galacturonate

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-β-L-arabinopyranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

adenine

guanine

preQ₁

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

dCDP

dTDP

dUDP

dCTP

dTTP

dUTP

CDP

UDP

CTP

UTP

UMP

CMP

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

uridine

cytidine

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

L-gulonate

aldehydo-L-galactonate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

L-fuculose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

β-D-fructofuranose

keto-D-fructose

glycolaldehyde

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

L-glyceraldehyde

D-xylulose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate

glycerol

galactitol

(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

heptosyl-Kdo₂-lipid A

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₂-Kdo₂-lipid A-phosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-phosphate

glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

galactosyl-glucosyl-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

galactosyl-(glucosyl)₂-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

galactosyl-(glucosyl)₃-(heptosyl)₃-Kdo₂-lipid A-bisphosphate

sucrose

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

(3S)-linalool

(3R)-linalool

geranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

1-18:1-2-18:1-phosphatidylethanolamine

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

catechol

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

ethylene glycol

butan-1-ol

ethanol

methanol

3-(N-morpholino)propanal

methylglyoxal

phenylacetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

formaldehyde

butan-1-al

diacetyl

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-saccharopine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

L-selenomethionine

seleno-L-homocysteine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N^π-methyl-L-histidine

3-phospho-L-serine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L-phenylalanine

L-histidine

L-tryptophan

L-tyrosine

glycine

L-threonine

L-asparagine

L-cysteine

L-serine

L-glutamine

L-aspartate

L-glutamate

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-proline

L-alanine

L-leucine

β-alanine

L-selenocysteine

L-isoleucine

L-methionine

L-valine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L-ornithine

L-citrulline

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-homocysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

pyruvate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

2-oxobutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

aldehydo-D-glucuronate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

palmitate

butanoate

stearate

oleate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

(R)-2-hydroxybutanoate

cis-aconitate

cis-2-methylaconitate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

urate

2-phenylethylamine

4-methylphenol

3-demethylubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-10

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-8

ubiquinol-10

indole

(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen cyanide

(indole-3-yl)acetonitrile

preQ₀

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

FAD

FMN

riboflavin

FADH₂

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

L-ascorbate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

coenzyme A

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

L-galactono-1,4-lactone

trans-feruloyl-CoA

trans-caffeoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(+)-7-epi-jasmonoyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(indol-3-yl)acetate

phenylacetate

(+)-7-epi-jasmonate

3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

3α,7α,12β-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate

cholate

glycocholate

isocholate

3-dehydrocholate

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

spermidine

putrescine

cadaverine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

sulfate

sulfite

selenide

thiosulfate

hydrogensulfite

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

phosphate

diphosphate

H⁺

ammonium

Cu²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

glutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

1-butanesulfonate

isethionate

3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

thiocyanate

methanethiol

monodehydroascorbate radical

2-octaprenylphenol

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-β-neuraminate 9-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protochlorophyllide a

chlorophyllide a

3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoheme

13¹-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

13¹-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester

ethylphosphate

DNA with lesion

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

anserine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine