an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

H₂O

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

(S)-dihydroorotate

CO₂

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

phosphoenolpyruvate

oxaloacetate

acetoacetate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

porphobilinogen

5-aminolevulinate

N²-succinyl-L-ornithine

N²-succinyl-L-arginine

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

3-demethylubiquinol-6

citrate

2-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

xanthine

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

anthranilate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

N²-succinylglutamate

glycerone phosphate

N²-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

4-maleyl-acetoacetate

homogentisate

coproporphyrinogen III

orotidine 5'-phosphate

7,8-diaminopelargonate

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

S-adenosyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

dethiobiotin

pimeloyl-CoA

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

thiamine diphosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

aminoacetone

glutathione disulfide

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

2-iminoacetate

hydrogen peroxide

shikimate 3-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

lipid X

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

shikimate

4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene-5'-phosphate

histidinal

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

oxalosuccinate

quinolinate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

preuroporphyrinogen

thiamine phosphate

formamide

2-dehydropantoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

DNA without lesion

4'-phosphopantetheine

itaconate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

pyrazine-2-carboxylate

lipid IV_A

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

acetyl phosphate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

H₂

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

4-oxoglutaramate

ammonia

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

choline

agmatine

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

ADP

ATP

AMP

GDP

GTP

dADP

dGDP

GMP

XMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

hypoxanthine

2'-deoxyinosine

ppGpp

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

IMP

pppGpp

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

dITP

dIDP

ITP

IDP

dGTP

dATP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

cyclic-AMP

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

dGMP

dAMP

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

cytidine

uridine

P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

GDP-α-D-mannose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

adenine

guanine

uracil

preQ₁

UTP

CTP

dUTP

dCTP

dTTP

CMP

UMP

CDP

UDP

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

uridine 3'-monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

aldehydo-D-ribose

β-D-ribofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

glycerol

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->8)-α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->8)-[α-Kdo-(2->4)]-α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->4)-α-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IV_A

α-D-Man-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-D-Man

sucrose

α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-GlcNAc-(1→2)]-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-D-Man

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

(3R)-hydroxy-nonanoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-trans-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans-6-trans-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-undecanoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-2-enoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-cis-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans,6-cis-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3E,5Z)-tetradeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate

3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-heptaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

dioleoyl phosphatidate

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

FAD

FMN

FADH₂

3-demethylubiquinol-9

3-demethylubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-7

3-demethylubiquinol-10

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

ubiquinol-9

ubiquinol-8

ubiquinol-6

ubiquinol-7

ubiquinol-10

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

(2E,5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

itaconyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

ethanol

methanol

methylglyoxal

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

acetone

menadione

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-phenylalanine

glycine

L-tryptophan

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-methionine

L-valine

L-proline

L-cysteine

L-alanine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-tyrosine

L-arginine

L-glutamine

L-lysine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-histidine

L-threonine

L-serine

L-ornithine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-isoglutamine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-formyl-L-glutamate

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

N-formimino-L-glutamate

L-citrulline

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-homocysteine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-canaline

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

L-4-hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde

meso-diaminopimelate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

butanoate

oleate

(3E,5Z)-tetradecadienoate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate

cis-aconitate

cis-2-methylaconitate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

4-hydroxybenzoate

4-methylphenol

menadiol

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

preQ₀

7,8-dihydropterin-6-ylmethyl-4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

riboflavin

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

phenylacetate

nicotinamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

pyrazinamide

2-iminosuccinate

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

trimethyl sulfonium

hydrogencarbonate

superoxide

phosphate

diphosphate

chloride

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

oxygen

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoheme

DNA with lesion

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

nicotinate

thiamine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

coenzyme A