an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

hydrogen peroxide

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

carbamoyl phosphate

hydrogen selenide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

2-phenylethanol

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

gallate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

prenyl diphosphate

glycerone phosphate

ammonia

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

(R)-pantothenate

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA

2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

3-methylbutanol

3-methylbutanal

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

(S)-dihydroorotate

(salicyl)adenylate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

4'-phosphopantetheine

indole-3-glycol

indole-3-glycol aldehyde

orotidine 5'-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

carbon monoxide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

aminoacetone

xanthine

pseudouridine

glutathione disulfide

lipoamide

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

L-arginino-succinate

(lipoyl)adenylate

3-hydroxy-5- oxohexanoyl-CoA

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

dihydrolipoamide

dihydrophloroglucinol

isobutanol

phosphoenolpyruvate

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

H₂O

quinolinate

phloroglucinol

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

pyrogallol

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene

acrylamide

carbonic acid

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

bisorganyltrisulfane

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate

L-dehydro-ascorbate

L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone

L-gulono-1,4-lactone

α-D-galacturonate 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

cis-coumarinic acid-β-D-glucoside

acrylate

anthranilate

4-guanidinobutyramide

4-guanidinobutanoate

(R)-mevalonate

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

acetoacetate

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

5-hydroxytryptophol

poly(ribitol phosphate)

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

thiamine diphosphate

2-methylbutanol

CO₂

2-methylbutanal

dihydroxyacetone

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

isopentenyl diphosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

coproporphyrinogen III

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate

salicyl alcohol

autoinducer 2

thiamine phosphate

oxaloacetate

citrate

2'-(5''-triphospho-α-D-ribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA

glycolate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propanoyl-CoA

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

isochorismate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

(E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl-CoA

3-dehydroquinate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-deoxygluconate

3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

shikimate

2-dehydropantoate

3-dehydroshikimate

shikimate 3-phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

methionol

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

2-chloroacetate

ferrichrome

FAD

FADH₂

FMN

FMNH₂

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

glycine betaine

(3E,5Z)-tetradeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

(3R)-linalool

(3S)-linalool

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenol

L-galactono-1,4-lactone

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

(11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxoicosatrienoyl-CoA

(3R,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxyicosatrienoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(2E,5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

coumarin

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

spermidine

putrescine

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

L-homocysteine

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

α-lactose 6'-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

L-ascorbate 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

dTDP-β-L-rhamnose

dTDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

GDP-α-D-mannose

ADP-α-D-glucose

ADP-D-ribose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galacturonate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

lotaustralin

linustatin

linamarin

taxiphyllin

neolinustatin

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

keto-D-tagatose

N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

β-D-fructofuranose

D-glyceraldehyde

L-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

glycerol

galactitol

D-sorbitol

D-sorbitol 6-phosphate

maltotriose

β-D-cellobiose

sucrose

lactose

maltotetraose

L-idonate

D-gluconate

L-gulonate

aldehydo-L-galactonate

D-altronate

D-mannonate

phenylacetate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

L-arginine

L-aspartate

L-phenylalanine

L-serine

L-isoleucine

L-asparagine

L-leucine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

L-tyrosine

L-cystathionine

L-glutamine

L-lysine

L-selenocysteine

L-alanine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-ornithine

L-threonine

L-glutamate

L-proline

L-valine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

glycine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine

N-formimino-glycine

D-glutamate

D-methionine

D-aspartate

D-alanine

L-citrulline

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-cystine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

hydrogen cyanide

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

nicotinamide

L-ascorbate

riboflavin

thiamine

nicotinate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyruvate

acetate

formate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

butanoate

(3E,5Z)-tetradecadienoate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

orotate

(R)-pantoate

D-tagaturonate

aldehydo-D-glucuronate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

salicylate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

4-aminobenzoate

protoheme

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

hydroquinone

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

butan-1-ol

propan-1-ol

methanol

ethanol

phytol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

preQ₀

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

monodehydroascorbate radical

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-GMP

ATP

2'-deoxyguanosine

GMP

2'-deoxyadenosine

cyclic-AMP

8-oxo-dGTP

dGDP

8-oxo-dGMP

2'-deoxyinosine

hypoxanthine

dGTP

IMP

XMP

dAMP

dGMP

AMP

dADP

dATP

ADP

pppGpp

ppGpp

GTP

adenylo-succinate

GDP

5'-deoxyadenosine

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

CDP

UDP

UMP

CMP

UTP

CTP

dCDP

dTDP

dUDP

dUTP

dTTP

dCTP

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

uridine

cytidine

xanthosine

inosine

guanosine

adenosine

preQ₁

guanine

adenine

uracil

cytosine

thymine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

4-tyrosol

urate

phenylacetaldehyde

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde

coumarinate

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

trimethyl sulfonium

selenide

thiosulfate

OH^-

hydrogencarbonate

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

ammonium

H⁺

Cu²⁺

Fe²⁺

Co²⁺

methylglyoxal

butan-1-al

1-propanal

acetaldehyde

isobutanal

phytenal

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen