an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

glycerone phosphate

2-phenylethanol

3-methylbutanol

3-methylbutanal

5-hydroxytryptophol

5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

isobutanol

2-methylbutanol

2-methylbutanal

indole-3-glycol

indole-3-glycol aldehyde

phosphoenolpyruvate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

H₂O

xanthine

L-arginino-succinate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

phosphite

quinolinate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

pseudouridine

carbon monoxide

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

2-iminoacetate

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde

3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA

2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA

2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA

3-hydroxy-5- oxohexanoyl-CoA

3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate

dihydrophloroglucinol

phloroglucinol

pyrogallol

1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene

gallate

H₂

oxalosuccinate

citrate

(S)-dihydroorotate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol

methylsalicylate

salicyl alcohol

(lipoyl)adenylate

pimeloyl-CoA

8-amino-7-oxononanoate

ethanolamine

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

dihydroxyacetone

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate

ammonia

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate

acrylamide

acrylate

propionamide

4-guanidinobutyramide

4-guanidinobutanoate

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

4-acetamidobutanal

4-acetamidobutanoate

N²-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

N²-succinylglutamate

deoxycholoyl-CoA

(E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA

2-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl-CoA

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

2-dehydropantoate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

(L-threonylcarbamoyl)adenylate

2-dehydro-6-phospho-D-gluconate

DNA without lesion

coproporphyrinogen III

N⁴-(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminylamine

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

L-selenocystathionine

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

acetoacetate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

hydrogen selenide

O-acetyl-L-serine

prephenate

oxaloacetate

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

(R)-mevalonate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

autoinducer 2

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

glutathione disulfide

acetyl phosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

4'-phosphopantetheine

hydrogen peroxide

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

thiamine phosphate

CO₂

carbamoyl phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

(2S,5S)-hexanediol

2,5-hexanedione

butanoyl phosphate

lipoamide

dihydrolipoamide

S-acetyldihydrolipoamide

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

thiamine diphosphate

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

phenylacetate

protoheme

protoporphyrin IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrinogen IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

superoxide

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

preQ₀

coenzyme A

(R)-lipoate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

glycine betaine

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

FAD

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

demethylmenaquinol-8

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

nicotinamide

nicotinate

riboflavin

thiamine

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

all-trans-retinol

Mn²⁺

Fe²⁺

Cu²⁺

Cd²⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Na⁺

K⁺

trimethyl sulfonium

thiosulfate

hydrogencarbonate

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

chloride

methionol

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal

dimethyl sulfide

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

2-iminopropanoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

spermidine

putrescine

betaine aldehyde

betaine aldehyde hydrate

choline

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

glycerol

D-sorbitol 6-phosphate

galactitol 1-phosphate

(3R)-linalool

(3S)-linalool

ethanol

propan-1-ol

methanol

butan-1-ol

phytol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol

3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde

deoxycholate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

fluoroacetaldehyde

fluoroacetate

acetamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

chorismate

L-aspartate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

(R)-lactate

(S)-lactate

formate

pyruvate

propanoate

acetate

butanoate

octanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxoglutarate

salicylate

benzoate

palmitate

phytenate

(3E,5Z)-tetradecadienoate

apo-4'-lycopenoate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

D-gluconate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

D-serine

L-serine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

L-glutamate

D-glutamate

L-arginine

L-lysine

L-proline

glycine

L-alanine

L-leucine

L-glutamine

L-asparagine

L-cysteine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-phenylalanine

D-aspartate

D-alanine

seleno-L-homocysteine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

L-methionine

L-selenocysteine

L-valine

L-isoleucine

L-cystathionine

L-ornithine

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

S-sulfo-L-cysteine

L-homocysteine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

methylglyoxal

phytenal

1-propanal

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

1-octanal

isobutanal

(S)-lactaldehyde

phenylacetaldehyde

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde

benzaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

aldehydo-D-ribose

α-D-ribofuranose

β-D-ribofuranose

a thiol group

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

maltotetraose

maltotriose

maltoheptaose

maltohexaose

maltopentaose

sucrose

acetyl-CoA

phenylacetyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

(2E,5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

2-trans,6-cis-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-cis-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-2-enoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-undecanoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-nonanoyl-CoA

2-trans-6-trans-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-trans-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

apo-4'-lycopenal

geranyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(3E,5Z)-tetradeca-3,5-dienoyl-CoA

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenol

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

4-tyrosol

urate

2-[(1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]acetyl-coA

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

4-hydroxybenzoate

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

4-methylphenol

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

reduced riboflavin

guanine

adenine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

adenosine

guanosine

xanthosine

inosine

hypoxanthine

dAMP

dGMP

dATP

dGTP

dITP

dADP

dGDP

dIDP

GTP

ATP

ITP

GDP

ADP

IDP

IMP

GMP

XMP

AMP

dCMP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

dCTP

dTDP

dTTP

dTMP

dUDP

uracil

dUTP

dUMP

CTP

UTP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

thymidine

thymine

UMP

CMP

preQ₁

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

pppGpp

ppGpp

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-iminosuccinate