an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

2-(α-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate

L-selenocystathionine

ectoine

3-hydroxy-5- oxohexanoyl-CoA

3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate

dihydrophloroglucinol

phloroglucinol

pyrogallol

1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene

urea

2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

gallate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

2'-(5''-triphospho-α-D-ribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA

3-oxopimeloyl-CoA

S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol

3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA

S-formylmycothiol

6-carboxyhex-2-enoyl-CoA

pimeloyl-CoA

thiamine diphosphate

cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA

ammonia

xanthine

CDP-glycerol

H₂O

oxaloacetate

(2Z,4E)-2-amino-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate

citrate

(2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

hydrogen peroxide

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

hydroxypyruvate

(R)-pantothenate

(S)-ureidoglycolate

N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine

pseudouridine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propionyl-CoA

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

carbamoyl phosphate

autoinducer 2

poly(ribitol phosphate)

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate)

arsenite

phosphoenolpyruvate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

H₂

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

L-arginino-succinate

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil

4'-phosphopantetheine

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

ethanolamine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

O-ureido-L-homoserine

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

3-keto-β-D-galactose

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(R)-mevalonate

glycolate

CO₂

quinolinate

acetyl phosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

α-ribazole 5'-phosphate

α-ribazole

prenyl diphosphate

oxalosuccinate

dihydroxyacetone

DNA without lesion

3-dehydroquinate

shikimate

3-dehydroshikimate

glycerone phosphate

2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-indene-4-carboxylate

(2E)-3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]prop-2-enoyl-CoA

5-hydroxy-3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate

2-hydroxy-cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA

(S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate

(1E,2Z)-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1 (10),2-dien-4-oate

2-ketocyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA

nigerose

3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA

shikimate 3-phosphate

thiamine phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate

2-carboxy-L-threo-pentonate

2-carboxy-L-xylonolactone

2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate

cyclic- 3,4-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)

cyclic-2,3-O-oxalyl-L-threonate

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

L-dehydro-ascorbate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

L-homocysteine

monodehydroascorbate radical

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

(R)-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

hydrogen cyanide

coenzyme A

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

(6S)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

thiamine

nicotinate

L-ascorbate

riboflavin

nicotinamide

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

spermidine

putrescine

L-citrulline

L-aspartate

L-glutamate

L-leucine

L-phenylalanine

L-methionine

L-alanine

L-lysine

L-arginine

L-asparagine

L-serine

glycine

L-cysteine

L-glutamine

L-tyrosine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-ornithine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-canaline

meso-diaminopimelate

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteine

L-cystathionine

N-formyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-citrulline

seleno-L-homocysteine

N-formimino-glycine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

D-glutamate

D-methionine

D-alanine

D-aspartate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine

N-acetyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutamine amide

D-alanyl-D-alanine

ethanol

glycerol

D-mannitol 1-phosphate

D-mannitol

ethylene glycol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

protocatechuate

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxooctanoyl)-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

glutaryl-CoA

CoA-disulfide

acetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxobutanoyl)-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3-oxohexanoyl)-CoA

benzoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA

3-oxoadipyl-CoA

3-oxohexanoyl-CoA

3-oxodecanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-malyl-CoA

dioleoyl phosphatidate

phosphatidylglycerophosphate (1-octadecenoyl(9Z), 2-palmitoyl)

1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol

1-oleoyl-2-lyso-glycerone phosphate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

mono-trans,octa-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

urate

4-aminobenzoate

dimethyl sulfide

thiocyanate

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

butanoate

pyruvate

2-oxoglutarate

glyoxylate

3-oxoadipate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

cis-aconitate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

D-threo-isocitrate

acetate

D-gluconate

formate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

FAD

FADH₂

FMNH₂

FMN

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

maltotriose

β-D-cellobiose

XXXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

maltotetraose

α-maltose

allolactose

lactose

melibiose

sucrose

XLLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XLXG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

XXLG xyloglucan oligosaccharide

raffinose

stachyose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

3'-ketolactose

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan dimer (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faeciums)

decaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide)

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with L,D cross-links (mycobacteria)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-link (S. aureus)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with a D,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

a peptidoglycan dimer (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

α-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

β-D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-galactofuranose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

GDP-α-D-mannose

sucrose 6^F-phosphate

α-lactose 6'-phosphate

α,α-trehalose 6-phosphate

β-D-cellobiose 6'-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

α-D-glucopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

β-D-fructofuranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-galactopyranose

glycolaldehyde

S-(4-hydroxy-nonenal-3-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

trimethyl sulfonium

sulfite

thiosulfate

hydrogensulfite

hydrogencarbonate

phosphonate

phosphate

diphosphate

Na⁺

ammonium

H⁺

Fe²⁺

Mg²⁺

Cu²⁺

Cd²⁺

Ni²⁺

Co²⁺

5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate

oxygen

guanosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

IMP

GMP

pppGpp

ATP

2'-deoxyguanosine

dGMP

dAMP

ppGpp

cyclic-AMP

IDP

ITP

AMP

dIDP

dITP

adenylo-succinate

adenosine 3'-monophosphate

XMP

hypoxanthine

guanosine 3'-monophosphate

dATP

dADP

dGTP

dGDP

GTP

GDP

ADP

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

uridine

cytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxycytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

uridine 3'-monophosphate

cytidine-3'-monophosphate

dCDP

dUDP

dTDP

UDP

CDP

dUMP

dTMP

dCMP

UMP

CMP

dUTP

dTTP

dCTP

CTP

UTP

cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate

uridine 2'3'-cyclic monophosphate

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

uracil

guanine

adenine

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

adenosylcobalamin

2-iminosuccinate

(S)-lactaldehyde

(R)-lactaldehyde

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

1-propanal

DNA with lesion

22-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

3,22-dioxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA

24-hydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

3,24-dioxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

androst-4-ene-3,17-dione

3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione

3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione

9α-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

glycerophosphoserine

glycerophosphoglycerol

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

ethylphosphate

(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate

adenosyl-cob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide

adenosylcobyrate

adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate